AP Chemistry Flashcards: Valence Electrons And Ionic Compounds

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Valence Electrons And Ionic Compounds, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Chemistry.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: How many valence electrons does aluminum have?

Answer: 3 valence electrons. Group 13 elements have 3 valence electrons.

Flashcard 2: What is the valence electron configuration for nitrogen?

Answer: $2s^2 2p^3$. Second shell configuration for nitrogen.

Flashcard 3: How many electrons does a chloride ion have?

Answer: 18 electrons. Neutral Cl has 17; Cl$^-$ gains 1 electron.

Flashcard 4: What is the electron configuration for a potassium ion?

Answer: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6$. K$^+$ has same configuration as argon.

Flashcard 5: What is the electron configuration for a magnesium ion?

Answer: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6$. Mg$^{2+}$ has same configuration as neon.

Flashcard 6: Identify the number of valence electrons in helium.

Answer: 2 valence electrons. Noble gas with complete outer shell.

Flashcard 7: What is the chemical formula for calcium fluoride?

Answer: CaF$_2$. One Ca$^{2+}$ balances two F$^-$ charges.

Flashcard 8: What is the formula for the compound formed by Al and O?

Answer: Al$_2$O$_3$. Balances two +3 charges with three -2 charges.

Flashcard 9: Predict the formula of the compound formed by Mg and Cl.

Answer: MgCl$_2$. Balances +2 charge with two -1 charges.

Flashcard 10: What is the formula for the compound formed by Na and S?

Answer: Na$_2$S. Two Na$^+$ balance one S$^{2-}$ charge.

Flashcard 11: What is the formula for the compound formed by K and Br?

Answer: KBr. 1:1 ratio balances +1 and -1 charges.

Flashcard 12: State the number of valence electrons in fluorine.

Answer: 7 valence electrons. Group 17 elements have 7 valence electrons.

Flashcard 13: What is the charge of a sodium ion?

Answer: +1. Na loses 1 electron to achieve stable octet.

Flashcard 14: What is the chemical symbol for a sodium ion?

Answer: Na$^+$. Symbol shows +1 charge from electron loss.

Flashcard 15: What is the typical charge on an oxide ion?

Answer: -2. O gains 2 electrons to complete octet.

Flashcard 16: What is the charge of an aluminum ion?

Answer: +3. Al loses 3 electrons to achieve octet.

Flashcard 17: What is the electron configuration of a fluoride ion?

Answer: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6$. F$^-$ gains electron to match neon configuration.

Flashcard 18: What is the valence electron configuration of argon?

Answer: $3s^2 3p^6$. Third shell configuration for argon.

Flashcard 19: How many valence electrons are in sulfur?

Answer: 6 valence electrons. Group 16 elements have 6 valence electrons.

Flashcard 20: What is the charge on a phosphide ion?

Answer: -3. P gains 3 electrons to achieve octet.

Flashcard 21: How many valence electrons does argon have?

Answer: 8 valence electrons. Noble gas with complete outer shell.

Flashcard 22: What is the typical charge of a barium ion?

Answer: +2. Ba loses 2 electrons for stable configuration.

Flashcard 23: What is the electron configuration for a magnesium ion?

Answer: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6$. Mg$^{2+}$ has same configuration as neon.

Flashcard 24: How many valence electrons does carbon have?

Answer: 4 valence electrons. Group 14 elements have 4 valence electrons.

Flashcard 25: What is the formula for the compound formed by K and Br?

Answer: KBr. 1:1 ratio balances +1 and -1 charges.

Flashcard 26: What is the formula for the compound formed by Ca and Cl?

Answer: CaCl$_2$. One Ca$^{2+}$ balances two Cl$^-$ charges.

Flashcard 27: How many valence electrons does neon have?

Answer: 8 valence electrons. Noble gas with complete outer shell.

Flashcard 28: Determine the valence electron count for phosphorus.

Answer: 5 valence electrons. Group 15 elements have 5 valence electrons.

Flashcard 29: What is the charge on a phosphide ion?

Answer: -3. P gains 3 electrons to achieve octet.

Flashcard 30: What is the chemical formula for calcium fluoride?

Answer: CaF$_2$. One Ca$^{2+}$ balances two F$^-$ charges.

Flashcard 31: How many valence electrons are in boron?

Answer: 3 valence electrons. Group 13 elements have 3 valence electrons.

Flashcard 32: What is the chemical symbol for a sodium ion?

Answer: Na$^+$. Symbol shows +1 charge from electron loss.

Flashcard 33: Identify the number of valence electrons in chlorine.

Answer: 7 valence electrons. Group 17 elements have 7 valence electrons.

Flashcard 34: Identify the typical ionic charge for a calcium ion.

Answer: +2. Ca loses 2 electrons for stable configuration.

Flashcard 35: Identify the number of valence electrons in helium.

Answer: 2 valence electrons. Noble gas with complete outer shell.

Flashcard 36: State the octet rule.

Answer: Atoms tend to have 8 electrons in their valence shell. Stable electron configuration for most elements.

Flashcard 37: What is the electron configuration of an oxide ion?

Answer: $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6$. O$^{2-}$ has same configuration as neon.

Flashcard 38: What is the definition of valence electrons?

Answer: Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. These determine chemical bonding and reactivity.

Flashcard 39: What is the charge of a magnesium ion?

Answer: +2. Mg loses 2 electrons for stable octet.

Flashcard 40: Identify the charge on a sulfide ion.

Answer: -2. S gains 2 electrons to achieve octet.

Flashcard 41: How many valence electrons does oxygen have?

Answer: 6 valence electrons. Group 16 elements have 6 valence electrons.

Flashcard 42: What is the charge of a sodium ion?

Answer: +1. Na loses 1 electron to achieve stable octet.

Flashcard 43: Which type of bond forms between sodium and chlorine?

Answer: Ionic bond. Metal transfers electron to nonmetal.

Flashcard 44: What is the chemical formula for lithium oxide?

Answer: Li$_2$O. Two Li$^+$ balance one O$^{2-}$ charge.

Flashcard 45: Which type of bond forms between sodium and chlorine?

Answer: Ionic bond. Metal transfers electron to nonmetal.

Flashcard 46: Identify the number of valence electrons in chlorine.

Answer: 7 valence electrons. Group 17 elements have 7 valence electrons.

Flashcard 47: What is the valence electron configuration of argon?

Answer: $3s^2 3p^6$. Third shell configuration for argon.

Flashcard 48: How many electrons does an oxide ion have?

Answer: 10 electrons. Neutral O has 8; O$^{2-}$ gains 2 electrons.

Flashcard 49: What is the formula for the compound formed by Ca and Cl?

Answer: CaCl$_2$. One Ca$^{2+}$ balances two Cl$^-$ charges.

Flashcard 50: What is the charge of an aluminum ion?

Answer: +3. Al loses 3 electrons to achieve octet.

Flashcard 51: What charge does a chloride ion have?

Answer: -1. Cl gains 1 electron to complete octet.

Flashcard 52: Identify the charge on a sulfide ion.

Answer: -2. S gains 2 electrons to achieve octet.

Flashcard 53: What is the typical charge on a nitride ion?

Answer: -3. N gains 3 electrons to complete octet.