AP Computer Science Principles Flashcards: Extracting Information From Data

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Extracting Information From Data, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Computer Science Principles.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Calculate the median of the data set 2, 4, 6, 8.

Answer: The median is 5. Average of the two middle values: $(4+6)/2 = 5$.

Flashcard 2: Calculate the mode of the data set 5, 5, 7, 9, 9.

Answer: Modes are 5 and 9. Both values 5 and 9 appear twice, tied for highest frequency.

Flashcard 3: Identify the median of the data set 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.

Answer: The median is 5. The middle value when five numbers are arranged in order.

Flashcard 4: Which central tendency measure is not affected by extreme values?

Answer: Median. Position-based measure unaffected by outliers or extreme values.

Flashcard 5: What measure describes the amount of variation in a data set?

Answer: Standard deviation. Measures how spread out the data points are from the mean.

Flashcard 6: What is the mode of the data set 1, 2, 2, 3, 4?

Answer: The mode is 2. The value that appears most frequently in the data set.

Flashcard 7: Identify the median of the data set 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

Answer: The median is 6. The middle value when data is ordered from least to greatest.

Flashcard 8: What is the main advantage of using a line graph?

Answer: Shows trends over time. Clearly displays changes and patterns in data over time periods.

Flashcard 9: What is the median of the data set 3, 7, 9, 12, 15?

Answer: The median is 9. The middle value in the ordered data set of five values.

Flashcard 10: Identify the outlier in the data set 1, 2, 3, 100, 5.

Answer: The outlier is 100. Value 100 is extremely different from the other small values.

Flashcard 11: What graphical representation uses bars to show frequency?

Answer: Bar graph. Uses rectangular bars with heights representing data frequencies.

Flashcard 12: Identify the outlier in the data set 3, 4, 5, 100.

Answer: The outlier is 100. Value 100 is extremely different from the other clustered values.

Flashcard 13: Calculate the mode of the data set 5, 5, 7, 9, 9.

Answer: Modes are 5 and 9. Both values 5 and 9 appear twice, tied for highest frequency.

Flashcard 14: Find the mean of the data set 10, 20, 30, 40.

Answer: The mean is 25. Sum all values and divide by count: $(10+20+30+40)/4 = 25$.

Flashcard 15: What does a histogram display?

Answer: Frequency distribution of a data set. Shows how often each value or interval occurs in the data.

Flashcard 16: Find the mode of the data set 10, 10, 20, 30, 30.

Answer: Modes are 10 and 30. Values 10 and 30 each appear twice, tied for most frequent.

Flashcard 17: What is the mean of the data set 3, 5, 7, 9, 11?

Answer: The mean is 7. Sum all values and divide by count: $(3+5+7+9+11)/5 = 35/5 = 7$.

Flashcard 18: What is the first step in calculating the variance?

Answer: Find the mean of the data set. Variance measures squared deviations from the mean.

Flashcard 19: What does a scatter plot represent?

Answer: Relationship between two variables. Each point shows how two different variables relate to each other.

Flashcard 20: Identify the range of the data set 1, 5, 9, 13, 17.

Answer: The range is 16. Maximum minus minimum: $17 - 1 = 16$.

Flashcard 21: What type of chart is best for showing parts of a whole?

Answer: Pie chart. Displays proportions as sections of a complete circle.

Flashcard 22: What type of data visualization uses sectors of a circle?

Answer: Pie chart. Divides circle into sections representing data proportions.

Flashcard 23: What is the median of the data set 3, 7, 9, 12, 15?

Answer: The median is 9. The middle value in the ordered data set of five values.

Flashcard 24: Calculate the median of the data set 5, 7, 9, 11, 13.

Answer: The median is 9. The middle value when the five numbers are in order.

Flashcard 25: Identify the median of the data set 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.

Answer: The median is 5. The middle value when five numbers are arranged in order.

Flashcard 26: What graphical representation uses bars to show frequency?

Answer: Bar graph. Uses rectangular bars with heights representing data frequencies.

Flashcard 27: Find the mean of the data set 10, 20, 30, 40.

Answer: The mean is 25. Sum all values and divide by count: $(10+20+30+40)/4 = 25$.

Flashcard 28: Calculate the range of the data set 5, 10, 15, 20.

Answer: The range is 15. Difference between maximum and minimum: $20 - 5 = 15$.

Flashcard 29: Which measure of central tendency is most affected by outliers?

Answer: Mean. Outliers heavily influence the mean since it uses all values in calculation.

Flashcard 30: Identify the mode of the data set 7, 8, 8, 9, 10.

Answer: The mode is 8. The value 8 appears twice, more than any other value.

Flashcard 31: Calculate the mean of the data set 6, 8, 10, 12, 14.

Answer: The mean is 10. Sum divided by count: $(6+8+10+12+14)/5 = 50/5 = 10$.

Flashcard 32: Which central tendency measure is not affected by extreme values?

Answer: Median. Position-based measure unaffected by outliers or extreme values.

Flashcard 33: What type of data visualization uses sectors of a circle?

Answer: Pie chart. Divides circle into sections representing data proportions.

Flashcard 34: Identify the range of the data set 1, 5, 9, 13, 17.

Answer: The range is 16. Maximum minus minimum: $17 - 1 = 16$.

Flashcard 35: What statistical measure represents the most frequent data point?

Answer: Mode. Identifies the value that occurs with the highest frequency.

Flashcard 36: What is the first step in calculating the variance?

Answer: Find the mean of the data set. Variance measures squared deviations from the mean.

Flashcard 37: Which graph type is best for showing data trends over time?

Answer: Line graph. Connects data points to show patterns and changes over time.

Flashcard 38: What statistical measure represents the most frequent data point?

Answer: Mode. Identifies the value that occurs with the highest frequency.

Flashcard 39: Identify the outlier in the data set 1, 2, 3, 100, 5.

Answer: The outlier is 100. Value 100 is extremely different from the other small values.

Flashcard 40: What is the standard deviation a measure of?

Answer: It measures data spread from the mean. Quantifies how much individual values deviate from the average.

Flashcard 41: What is the formula for the interquartile range (IQR)?

Answer: $\text{IQR} = Q_3 - Q_1$. Difference between the third quartile and first quartile values.

Flashcard 42: Identify the outlier in the data set 3, 4, 5, 100.

Answer: The outlier is 100. Value 100 is extremely different from the other clustered values.

Flashcard 43: Which term describes a graphical representation of a frequency distribution?

Answer: Histogram. Bar chart showing the frequency of data values or intervals.

Flashcard 44: What does a scatter plot represent?

Answer: Relationship between two variables. Each point shows how two different variables relate to each other.

Flashcard 45: What is the formula for calculating the mean?

Answer: $\text{Mean} = \frac{\text{Sum of values}}{\text{Number of values}}$. Add all data values and divide by the total number of values.

Flashcard 46: Calculate the range of the data set 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

Answer: The range is 8. Maximum minus minimum: $10 - 2 = 8$.

Flashcard 47: What does a histogram display?

Answer: Frequency distribution of a data set. Shows how often each value or interval occurs in the data.

Flashcard 48: Calculate the mean of the data set 6, 8, 10, 12, 14.

Answer: The mean is 10. Sum divided by count: $(6+8+10+12+14)/5 = 50/5 = 10$.

Flashcard 49: What is the purpose of a bar graph?

Answer: To compare quantities across categories. Uses bar heights to compare values across different categories.

Flashcard 50: Calculate the median of the data set 5, 7, 9, 11, 13.

Answer: The median is 9. The middle value when the five numbers are in order.

Flashcard 51: Calculate the range of the data set 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

Answer: The range is 8. Maximum minus minimum: $10 - 2 = 8$.

Flashcard 52: Calculate the range of the data set 5, 10, 15, 20.

Answer: The range is 15. Difference between maximum and minimum: $20 - 5 = 15$.

Flashcard 53: Calculate the median of the data set 2, 4, 6, 8.

Answer: The median is 5. Average of the two middle values: $(4+6)/2 = 5$.

Flashcard 54: What statistical measure is used to describe the center of a data set?

Answer: Mean. Represents the typical or average value of the data set.

Flashcard 55: What measure describes the amount of variation in a data set?

Answer: Standard deviation. Measures how spread out the data points are from the mean.

Flashcard 56: Which measure of central tendency is most affected by outliers?

Answer: Mean. Outliers heavily influence the mean since it uses all values in calculation.

Flashcard 57: Find the mode of the data set 10, 10, 20, 30, 30.

Answer: Modes are 10 and 30. Values 10 and 30 each appear twice, tied for most frequent.

Flashcard 58: What is the purpose of a bar graph?

Answer: To compare quantities across categories. Uses bar heights to compare values across different categories.

Flashcard 59: What is the mean of the data set 3, 5, 7, 9, 11?

Answer: The mean is 7. Sum all values and divide by count: $(3+5+7+9+11)/5 = 35/5 = 7$.

Flashcard 60: What type of chart is best for showing parts of a whole?

Answer: Pie chart. Displays proportions as sections of a complete circle.

Flashcard 61: What is the primary purpose of a box plot?

Answer: To show data distribution and outliers. Displays quartiles, median, and identifies potential outliers visually.

Flashcard 62: What statistical measure is used to describe the center of a data set?

Answer: Mean. Represents the typical or average value of the data set.

Flashcard 63: What does the interquartile range (IQR) measure?

Answer: Spread of the middle 50% of data. Distance between the first and third quartiles of the data.

Flashcard 64: Which graph type is best for showing data trends over time?

Answer: Line graph. Connects data points to show patterns and changes over time.

Flashcard 65: What is the standard deviation a measure of?

Answer: It measures data spread from the mean. Quantifies how much individual values deviate from the average.

Flashcard 66: What is the primary purpose of a box plot?

Answer: To show data distribution and outliers. Displays quartiles, median, and identifies potential outliers visually.

Flashcard 67: Find the range of the data set 4, 8, 12, 16, 20.

Answer: The range is 16. Maximum minus minimum: $20 - 4 = 16$.

Flashcard 68: Find the range of the data set 4, 8, 12, 16, 20.

Answer: The range is 16. Maximum minus minimum: $20 - 4 = 16$.