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This deck focuses on Causation 19th Century Perspectives Political Developments, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP European History.
AP European History Flashcards: Causation 19th Century Perspectives Political Developments
Study Causation 19th Century Perspectives Political Developments in AP European History with focused flashcards that help you recognize the idea, recall the key rule, and apply it in practice-style prompts.
AP European History
Causation 19th Century Perspectives Political Developments
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Which 19th-century ideology advocates for free markets and individual liberties?
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ANSWER
Liberalism. Championed constitutional government and economic freedom from state control.
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Flashcard 1: Which 19th-century ideology advocates for free markets and individual liberties?
Answer: Liberalism. Championed constitutional government and economic freedom from state control.
Flashcard 2: Name the conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the mid-19th century.
Answer: Crimean War. Exposed Ottoman weakness and shifted European balance of power.
Flashcard 3: Which 19th-century empire was referred to as the 'sick man of Europe'?
Answer: Ottoman Empire. Declining power created power vacuum in southeastern Europe.
Flashcard 4: What 19th-century political movement sought independence for nation-states?
Answer: Nationalism. Drove unification movements across fragmented European territories.
Flashcard 5: What was the primary aim of the Frankfurt Assembly in 1848?
Answer: Unify German states. Liberal assembly sought constitutional monarchy for unified Germany.
Flashcard 6: Which 19th-century political ideology advocated for the abolition of monarchy?
Answer: Republicanism. Promoted popular sovereignty and rejection of hereditary rule.
Flashcard 7: Identify the 19th-century ideology that calls for workers' control over production.
Answer: Socialism. Emerged from industrial working class demands for economic equality.
Flashcard 8: Which two countries were involved in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871?
Answer: France and Prussia. Bismarck used conflict to complete German unification under Prussia.
Flashcard 9: What was a major cause of the 19th-century Irish Potato Famine?
Answer: Potato blight. Agricultural disease devastated Ireland's primary food source.
Flashcard 10: Which 19th-century empire was referred to as the 'sick man of Europe'?
Answer: Ottoman Empire. Declining power created power vacuum in southeastern Europe.
Flashcard 11: Identify the political doctrine that emphasizes the importance of the nation and national identity.
Answer: Nationalism. United ethnic groups seeking self-determination and independence.
Flashcard 12: What was Otto von Bismarck's policy of 'realpolitik' focused on?
Answer: Practical and pragmatic politics. Prioritized achievable goals over ideological principles in statecraft.
Flashcard 13: Which 19th-century figure is associated with the Communist Manifesto?
Answer: Karl Marx. Developed revolutionary theory of class struggle and socialist economics.
Flashcard 14: Which 19th-century figure is associated with the concept of utilitarianism?
Answer: Jeremy Bentham. Promoted 'greatest happiness for greatest number' principle in policy.
Flashcard 15: Which 19th-century ideology advocates for free markets and individual liberties?
Answer: Liberalism. Championed constitutional government and economic freedom from state control.
Flashcard 16: What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna in 1815?
Answer: Restore balance of power in Europe. Prevented any single power from dominating post-Napoleonic Europe.
Flashcard 17: Which 19th-century doctrine asserts that the means of production should be socialized?
Answer: Marxism. Marx's theory predicted inevitable worker revolution against capitalism.
Flashcard 18: What was the primary focus of 19th-century Romanticism?
Answer: Emotion and individualism. Cultural movement reacting against Enlightenment rationalism and order.
Flashcard 19: What was the primary focus of 19th-century Romanticism?
Answer: Emotion and individualism. Cultural movement reacting against Enlightenment rationalism and order.
Flashcard 20: Which 19th-century figure is associated with the Communist Manifesto?
Answer: Karl Marx. Developed revolutionary theory of class struggle and socialist economics.
Flashcard 21: Identify the slogan that encapsulates the goals of the French Revolution.
Answer: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. Revolutionary ideals that inspired democratic movements across Europe.
Flashcard 22: Which 19th-century ideology emphasized the importance of community and cooperation?
Answer: Socialism. Stressed collective welfare over individual competitive advantage.
Flashcard 23: Which 19th-century political ideology focused on the welfare of the working class?
Answer: Socialism. Advocated government intervention to protect laborers from exploitation.
Flashcard 24: Name the political strategy that involves manipulation for practical ends.
Answer: Realpolitik. Politics based on practical considerations rather than moral ideals.
Flashcard 25: What ideology emphasizes tradition and social stability in 19th-century Europe?
Answer: Conservatism. Prioritized established institutions and gradual change over revolutionary upheaval.
Flashcard 26: What was the main outcome of the 1867 Austro-Hungarian Compromise?
Answer: Formation of Austria-Hungary. Created dual monarchy to satisfy Hungarian nationalist demands.
Flashcard 27: Which 19th-century treaty ended the Napoleonic Wars?
Answer: Treaty of Paris (1815). Formally concluded Napoleon's defeat and European territorial reorganization.
Flashcard 28: Which 19th-century doctrine asserts that the means of production should be socialized?
Answer: Marxism. Marx's theory predicted inevitable worker revolution against capitalism.
Flashcard 29: Which 19th-century treaty ended the Napoleonic Wars?
Answer: Treaty of Paris (1815). Formally concluded Napoleon's defeat and European territorial reorganization.
Flashcard 30: Which 19th-century figure is known for unifying Germany through warfare?
Answer: Otto von Bismarck. Used 'blood and iron' policy to achieve German political unity.
Flashcard 31: What 19th-century political movement sought independence for nation-states?
Answer: Nationalism. Drove unification movements across fragmented European territories.
Flashcard 32: Identify the slogan that encapsulates the goals of the French Revolution.
Answer: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. Revolutionary ideals that inspired democratic movements across Europe.
Flashcard 33: Identify the 19th-century policy that aimed to expand a country's power and influence.
Answer: Imperialism. European powers sought global markets and territorial dominance.
Flashcard 34: What was the significance of the Dreyfus Affair in France?
Answer: Exposed anti-Semitism and divided public opinion. Revealed deep-seated prejudice and weakened French national unity.
Flashcard 35: Which 19th-century political ideology advocated for the abolition of monarchy?
Answer: Republicanism. Promoted popular sovereignty and rejection of hereditary rule.
Flashcard 36: Which 19th-century political ideology focused on the welfare of the working class?
Answer: Socialism. Advocated government intervention to protect laborers from exploitation.
Flashcard 37: Which event in 1848 led to widespread revolutions across Europe?
Answer: The Revolutions of 1848. Liberal nationalist uprisings challenged conservative monarchical systems.
Flashcard 38: What was Otto von Bismarck's policy of 'realpolitik' focused on?
Answer: Practical and pragmatic politics. Prioritized achievable goals over ideological principles in statecraft.
Flashcard 39: Which 19th-century event marked the end of serfdom in Russia?
Answer: Emancipation Reform of 1861. Tsar Alexander II freed millions from feudal bondage system.
Flashcard 40: What is the term for the 19th-century belief in racial superiority and imperial expansion?
Answer: Social Darwinism. Applied evolutionary theory to justify racial hierarchies and imperialism.
Flashcard 41: What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna in 1815?
Answer: Restore balance of power in Europe. Prevented any single power from dominating post-Napoleonic Europe.
Flashcard 42: What was the main goal of the 19th-century British Reform Acts?
Answer: Expand suffrage. Gradually extended voting rights to broader segments of society.
Flashcard 43: What ideology emphasizes tradition and social stability in 19th-century Europe?
Answer: Conservatism. Prioritized established institutions and gradual change over revolutionary upheaval.
Flashcard 44: What was a major cause of the 19th-century Irish Potato Famine?
Answer: Potato blight. Agricultural disease devastated Ireland's primary food source.
Flashcard 45: What was the primary effect of the Industrial Revolution on European politics?
Answer: Rise of industrial capitalism. Created new social classes and altered traditional power structures.
Flashcard 46: Identify the 19th-century ideology that calls for workers' control over production.
Answer: Socialism. Emerged from industrial working class demands for economic equality.
Flashcard 47: What was the primary focus of the 19th-century Chartist movement in Britain?
Answer: Political reforms and suffrage. Working-class movement demanded democratic participation in government.
Flashcard 48: Which event in 1848 led to widespread revolutions across Europe?
Answer: The Revolutions of 1848. Liberal nationalist uprisings challenged conservative monarchical systems.
Flashcard 49: What was the main aim of the 19th-century Zionist movement?
Answer: Establish a Jewish homeland. Response to anti-Semitism and desire for national self-determination.
Flashcard 50: Identify the 19th-century policy that aimed to expand a country's power and influence.
Answer: Imperialism. European powers sought global markets and territorial dominance.
Flashcard 51: What was the primary focus of the 19th-century Chartist movement in Britain?
Answer: Political reforms and suffrage. Working-class movement demanded democratic participation in government.
Flashcard 52: Which 19th-century social class grew due to industrialization?
Answer: Middle class. Industrial wealth created new political and economic influence.
Flashcard 53: What is the term for the 19th-century movement towards the abolition of slavery?
Answer: Abolitionism. Moral crusade against human bondage gained international momentum.
Flashcard 54: Which 19th-century social class grew due to industrialization?
Answer: Middle class. Industrial wealth created new political and economic influence.
Flashcard 55: Which two countries were involved in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871?
Answer: France and Prussia. Bismarck used conflict to complete German unification under Prussia.
Flashcard 56: What was the economic doctrine advocating minimal government intervention in the 19th century?
Answer: Laissez-faire. Economic liberalism opposing government regulation of markets.
Flashcard 57: What was the primary aim of the Frankfurt Assembly in 1848?
Answer: Unify German states. Liberal assembly sought constitutional monarchy for unified Germany.
Flashcard 58: Who was the leading figure in Italian unification?
Answer: Giuseppe Garibaldi. Led military campaigns that created the Kingdom of Italy.
Flashcard 59: What is the term for the 19th-century movement towards the abolition of slavery?
Answer: Abolitionism. Moral crusade against human bondage gained international momentum.
Flashcard 60: What was the main aim of the 19th-century Zionist movement?
Answer: Establish a Jewish homeland. Response to anti-Semitism and desire for national self-determination.
Flashcard 61: Which 19th-century event marked the end of serfdom in Russia?
Answer: Emancipation Reform of 1861. Tsar Alexander II freed millions from feudal bondage system.