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This deck focuses on Continuity And Change 18th Century States, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP European History.
AP European History Flashcards: Continuity And Change 18th Century States
Study Continuity And Change 18th Century States in AP European History with focused flashcards that help you recognize the idea, recall the key rule, and apply it in practice-style prompts.
AP European History
Continuity And Change 18th Century States
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QUESTION
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Which event in 1789 marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
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ANSWER
Storming of the Bastille. Symbolized popular uprising against royal tyranny and privilege.
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Flashcard 1: Which event in 1789 marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
Answer: Storming of the Bastille. Symbolized popular uprising against royal tyranny and privilege.
Flashcard 2: What was the significant effect of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century?
Answer: Urbanization. Factory system concentrated workers in cities, transforming society.
Flashcard 3: What was the primary reason for the War of Austrian Succession?
Answer: Maria Theresa's right to the throne. European powers disputed Habsburg inheritance through female succession.
Flashcard 4: What was the primary goal of the Enlightenment?
Answer: To promote reason and individualism. Challenged traditional authority through rational thought and natural rights.
Flashcard 5: Name the 18th-century ruler known for the slogan 'Enlightened Absolutism'.
Answer: Catherine the Great. Combined absolute rule with Enlightenment reforms and religious tolerance.
Flashcard 6: What was the impact of the Enlightenment on 18th-century political thought?
Answer: Challenged absolute monarchy. Popular sovereignty and natural rights undermined divine right theory.
Flashcard 7: What did the Enlightenment promote as a means of understanding the world?
Answer: Reason and scientific method. Rejected tradition and superstition in favor of empirical knowledge.
Flashcard 8: Which philosopher advocated for the separation of powers in government?
Answer: Montesquieu. Influenced American constitution with executive, legislative, judicial branches.
Flashcard 9: What did the Act of Union 1707 achieve?
Answer: Unified England and Scotland. Created Kingdom of Great Britain from separate nations.
Flashcard 10: Which 18th-century thinker is known for his work on political economy?
Answer: Adam Smith. Authored 'The Wealth of Nations' promoting free market economics.
Flashcard 11: Which 18th-century economic policy favored a favorable balance of trade?
Answer: Mercantilism. Sought national wealth through export surplus and gold accumulation.
Flashcard 12: Identify the 18th-century Prussian ruler known for military reforms.
Answer: Frederick the Great. Built Prussia into major European power through military innovation.
Flashcard 13: What was the main economic system in 18th-century Europe?
Answer: Mercantilism. Dominated European economics with export promotion and import restrictions.
Flashcard 14: Identify the Enlightenment thinker who wrote 'The Social Contract'.
Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Advocated popular sovereignty and general will in political theory.
Flashcard 15: Which monarch is associated with the phrase 'I am the state'?
Answer: Louis XIV. Embodied absolute monarchy and divine right theory at Versailles.
Flashcard 16: Which 18th-century war is known as the first 'world war'?
Answer: Seven Years' War. Fought across multiple continents involving major European powers.
Flashcard 17: What was the main focus of the Physiocrats' economic theory?
Answer: Agriculture. Believed agricultural productivity was the source of national wealth.
Flashcard 18: Who was the first Prime Minister of Great Britain?
Answer: Sir Robert Walpole. Established parliamentary government system in constitutional monarchy.
Flashcard 19: What was the primary goal of the Enlightenment?
Answer: To promote reason and individualism. Challenged traditional authority through rational thought and natural rights.
Flashcard 20: What was the main economic system in 18th-century Europe?
Answer: Mercantilism. Dominated European economics with export promotion and import restrictions.
Flashcard 21: Name the 18th-century movement that emphasized reason and science.
Answer: The Enlightenment. Promoted rational inquiry over traditional religious authority.
Flashcard 22: What was the main purpose of the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)?
Answer: To restore balance of power in Europe. Restored monarchies and contained revolutionary nationalism after Napoleon.
Flashcard 23: What was the impact of the Enlightenment on 18th-century political thought?
Answer: Challenged absolute monarchy. Popular sovereignty and natural rights undermined divine right theory.
Flashcard 24: What was a major effect of the Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century?
Answer: Increased food production. Supported population growth and urbanization trends.
Flashcard 25: Which 18th-century war is known as the first 'world war'?
Answer: Seven Years' War. Fought across multiple continents involving major European powers.
Flashcard 26: Identify the 18th-century Prussian ruler known for military reforms.
Answer: Frederick the Great. Built Prussia into major European power through military innovation.
Flashcard 27: What did the Enlightenment promote as a means of understanding the world?
Answer: Reason and scientific method. Rejected tradition and superstition in favor of empirical knowledge.
Flashcard 28: What economic theory did Adam Smith challenge in 'The Wealth of Nations'?
Answer: Mercantilism. Critiqued state intervention in favor of free market principles.
Flashcard 29: What was the significant effect of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century?
Answer: Urbanization. Factory system concentrated workers in cities, transforming society.
Flashcard 30: What was the impact of the Enlightenment on the arts in the 18th century?
Answer: Neoclassicism. Revival of classical Greek and Roman artistic styles and themes.
Flashcard 31: What was the primary reason for the War of Austrian Succession?
Answer: Maria Theresa's right to the throne. European powers disputed Habsburg inheritance through female succession.
Flashcard 32: Which 18th-century ruler is known for modernizing Russia?
Answer: Peter the Great. Westernized Russia through military, administrative, and cultural reforms.
Flashcard 33: Which event in 1789 marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
Answer: Storming of the Bastille. Symbolized popular uprising against royal tyranny and privilege.
Flashcard 34: Name the 18th-century war that was part of the Seven Years' War in North America.
Answer: French and Indian War. Colonial theater of global Seven Years' War between European powers.
Flashcard 35: What treaty ended the War of Spanish Succession in 1713?
Answer: Treaty of Utrecht. Established European balance of power after Louis XIV's succession war.
Flashcard 36: What was the dominant political structure in 18th-century France?
Answer: Absolute Monarchy. Centralized royal power under Louis XIV's model of divine right.
Flashcard 37: Which philosopher advocated for the separation of powers in government?
Answer: Montesquieu. Influenced American constitution with executive, legislative, judicial branches.
Flashcard 38: Identify the author of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'.
Answer: Mary Wollstonecraft. Pioneered women's rights arguments during Enlightenment era.
Flashcard 39: Identify the Enlightenment thinker who wrote 'The Social Contract'.
Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Advocated popular sovereignty and general will in political theory.
Flashcard 40: Which 18th-century thinker is known for his work on political economy?
Answer: Adam Smith. Authored 'The Wealth of Nations' promoting free market economics.
Flashcard 41: Identify the country that experienced a significant industrialization in the late 18th century.
Answer: Great Britain. Led early Industrial Revolution with textile and steam innovations.
Flashcard 42: Identify the author of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'.
Answer: Mary Wollstonecraft. Pioneered women's rights arguments during Enlightenment era.
Flashcard 43: What did the Act of Union 1707 achieve?
Answer: Unified England and Scotland. Created Kingdom of Great Britain from separate nations.
Flashcard 44: Who was the first Prime Minister of Great Britain?
Answer: Sir Robert Walpole. Established parliamentary government system in constitutional monarchy.
Flashcard 45: What was the primary language of the European Enlightenment?
Answer: French. Served as lingua franca for intellectual discourse across Europe.
Flashcard 46: Which 18th-century invention revolutionized the textile industry?
Answer: Spinning Jenny. Mechanized spinning process, increasing textile production efficiency.
Flashcard 47: Name the 18th-century movement that emphasized reason and science.
Answer: The Enlightenment. Promoted rational inquiry over traditional religious authority.
Flashcard 48: Name the 18th-century ruler known for the slogan 'Enlightened Absolutism'.
Answer: Catherine the Great. Combined absolute rule with Enlightenment reforms and religious tolerance.
Flashcard 49: Which 18th-century invention revolutionized the textile industry?
Answer: Spinning Jenny. Mechanized spinning process, increasing textile production efficiency.
Flashcard 50: Which 18th-century ruler is known for modernizing Russia?
Answer: Peter the Great. Westernized Russia through military, administrative, and cultural reforms.
Flashcard 51: What was the primary language of the European Enlightenment?
Answer: French. Served as lingua franca for intellectual discourse across Europe.
Flashcard 52: Which monarch is associated with the phrase 'I am the state'?
Answer: Louis XIV. Embodied absolute monarchy and divine right theory at Versailles.
Flashcard 53: Who is the Enlightenment thinker known for his criticism of religion?
Answer: Voltaire. Championed religious tolerance and freedom of speech.
Flashcard 54: What was the impact of the Enlightenment on the arts in the 18th century?
Answer: Neoclassicism. Revival of classical Greek and Roman artistic styles and themes.