AP Physics 1 Flashcards: Change In Momentum And Impulse

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Change In Momentum And Impulse, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Physics 1.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: A 3 kg object accelerates from rest to 10 m/s. Calculate the impulse.

Answer: 30 Ns. Change in momentum: $3(10-0) = 30$ kg·m/s = 30 Ns.

Flashcard 2: What is the effect of increasing the time over which a force acts on an object?

Answer: Increase in impulse. Longer time allows greater impulse for same force.

Flashcard 3: Calculate the change in momentum for a 5 kg object with an initial velocity of 2 m/s and final velocity of 5 m/s.

Answer: 15 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $5(5-2) = 15$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 4: What is the change in velocity if a 30 Ns impulse is applied to a 5 kg object?

Answer: 6 m/s. Change in velocity: $\triangle v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{30}{5} = 6$ m/s.

Flashcard 5: Calculate the force exerted if an impulse of 15 Ns is applied over 3 s.

Answer: 5 N. Force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{15}{3} = 5$ N.

Flashcard 6: What is the final velocity of a 4 kg object after a 16 Ns impulse, starting from rest?

Answer: 4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{16}{4} = 4$ m/s.

Flashcard 7: Calculate the final velocity of a 10 kg object after an impulse of 40 Ns is applied, starting from rest.

Answer: 4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{40}{10} = 4$ m/s.

Flashcard 8: What does the area under a force-time graph represent?

Answer: Impulse. Area under force-time curve equals impulse.

Flashcard 9: State the unit of momentum in the SI system.

Answer: Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Mass in kg times velocity in m/s.

Flashcard 10: What is an example of an impulse-momentum scenario in sports?

Answer: A soccer ball being kicked. Force applied over short time changes ball's momentum.

Flashcard 11: What is the impulse on a 10 kg object that comes to rest from 20 m/s?

Answer: -200 Ns. Change in momentum: $10(0-20) = -200$ kg·m/s = -200 Ns.

Flashcard 12: If a baseball experiences an impulse of 10 Ns, which physical quantity changes?

Answer: Momentum. Impulse always changes momentum of objects.

Flashcard 13: If a force of 10 N acts for 4 s, what is the impulse imparted?

Answer: 40 Ns. Impulse equals force times time: $10 \times 4 = 40$ Ns.

Flashcard 14: State the formula for impulse in terms of change in momentum.

Answer: $J = \triangle p$. Impulse-momentum theorem states impulse equals momentum change.

Flashcard 15: If an object is at rest, what is its initial momentum?

Answer: 0 kg·m/s. Stationary objects have zero momentum.

Flashcard 16: Find the impulse given to a 3 kg object if it accelerates from 0 to 4 m/s.

Answer: 12 Ns. Change in momentum: $3(4-0) = 12$ kg·m/s = 12 Ns.

Flashcard 17: What is the impulse on a 50 kg object that changes velocity from 10 m/s to 0 m/s?

Answer: -500 Ns. Change in momentum: $50(0-10) = -500$ kg·m/s = -500 Ns.

Flashcard 18: What is the formula for momentum?

Answer: $p = m \times v$. Mass times velocity gives momentum.

Flashcard 19: Calculate the change in momentum for a 5 kg object with an initial velocity of 2 m/s and final velocity of 5 m/s.

Answer: 15 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $5(5-2) = 15$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 20: What is the effect of increasing the time over which a force acts on an object?

Answer: Increase in impulse. Longer time allows greater impulse for same force.

Flashcard 21: State Newton's second law in terms of momentum.

Answer: $F = \frac{\triangle p}{\triangle t}$. Force equals rate of momentum change.

Flashcard 22: What is the effect of impulse on a moving object's velocity?

Answer: Changes the velocity. Impulse changes momentum, which affects velocity.

Flashcard 23: Calculate the change in momentum if a 25 kg object accelerates from 2 m/s to 6 m/s.

Answer: 100 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $25(6-2) = 100$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 24: What is the effect of impulse on a moving object's velocity?

Answer: Changes the velocity. Impulse changes momentum, which affects velocity.

Flashcard 25: Calculate the final velocity of a 10 kg object after an impulse of 40 Ns is applied, starting from rest.

Answer: 4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{40}{10} = 4$ m/s.

Flashcard 26: Find the impulse given to a 3 kg object if it accelerates from 0 to 4 m/s.

Answer: 12 Ns. Change in momentum: $3(4-0) = 12$ kg·m/s = 12 Ns.

Flashcard 27: State Newton's second law in terms of momentum.

Answer: $F = \frac{\triangle p}{\triangle t}$. Force equals rate of momentum change.

Flashcard 28: What is the impulse experienced by a 2 kg object accelerating from 3 m/s to 7 m/s?

Answer: 8 Ns. Change in momentum: $2(7-3) = 8$ kg·m/s = 8 Ns.

Flashcard 29: What is the formula for impulse in terms of force and time?

Answer: $J = F \times \triangle t$. Impulse equals force multiplied by time interval.

Flashcard 30: How does impulse relate to force when time is constant?

Answer: Impulse is directly proportional to force. $J = F\triangle t$, so impulse increases with force.

Flashcard 31: What is the impulse experienced by a 2 kg object accelerating from 3 m/s to 7 m/s?

Answer: 8 Ns. Change in momentum: $2(7-3) = 8$ kg·m/s = 8 Ns.

Flashcard 32: If an object is at rest, what is its initial momentum?

Answer: 0 kg·m/s. Stationary objects have zero momentum.

Flashcard 33: What is the momentum change of a 4 kg object that decelerates from 9 m/s to 3 m/s?

Answer: -24 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $4(3-9) = -24$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 34: What is an example of an impulse-momentum scenario in sports?

Answer: A soccer ball being kicked. Force applied over short time changes ball's momentum.

Flashcard 35: What is the impulse on a 10 kg object that comes to rest from 20 m/s?

Answer: -200 Ns. Change in momentum: $10(0-20) = -200$ kg·m/s = -200 Ns.

Flashcard 36: A force of 5 N acts on an object for 6 s. What is the impulse?

Answer: 30 Ns. Impulse equals force times time: $5 \times 6 = 30$ Ns.

Flashcard 37: What is the unit of impulse in the SI system?

Answer: Newton-second (Ns). Force in Newtons times time in seconds gives Newton-seconds.

Flashcard 38: If a force acts for a very short time, what is this force often called?

Answer: Impulsive force. Large force acting briefly, like collision forces.

Flashcard 39: If a force acts for a very short time, what is this force often called?

Answer: Impulsive force. Large force acting briefly, like collision forces.

Flashcard 40: What does a larger impulse indicate in terms of force and time?

Answer: A larger force or longer duration. Greater impulse means stronger or longer force application.

Flashcard 41: What is the unit of impulse in the SI system?

Answer: Newton-second (Ns). Force in Newtons times time in seconds gives Newton-seconds.

Flashcard 42: What is the initial momentum of a 20 kg object moving at 3 m/s?

Answer: 60 kg·m/s. Momentum equals mass times velocity: $20 \times 3 = 60$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 43: What is the momentum change of a 4 kg object that decelerates from 9 m/s to 3 m/s?

Answer: -24 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $4(3-9) = -24$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 44: Define momentum.

Answer: Momentum is the product of mass and velocity. Fundamental quantity describing motion of objects.

Flashcard 45: State the formula for impulse in terms of change in momentum.

Answer: $J = \triangle p$. Impulse-momentum theorem states impulse equals momentum change.

Flashcard 46: If the impulse is 25 Ns and time is 5 s, what is the average force exerted?

Answer: 5 N. Average force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{25}{5} = 5$ N.

Flashcard 47: Calculate the change in momentum if a 25 kg object accelerates from 2 m/s to 6 m/s.

Answer: 100 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $25(6-2) = 100$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 48: A force of 5 N acts on an object for 6 s. What is the impulse?

Answer: 30 Ns. Impulse equals force times time: $5 \times 6 = 30$ Ns.

Flashcard 49: What is the impulse on a 50 kg object that changes velocity from 10 m/s to 0 m/s?

Answer: -500 Ns. Change in momentum: $50(0-10) = -500$ kg·m/s = -500 Ns.

Flashcard 50: Identify the physical quantity that impulse changes.

Answer: Momentum. Impulse directly changes an object's momentum.

Flashcard 51: What is the formula for impulse in terms of force and time?

Answer: $J = F \times \triangle t$. Impulse equals force multiplied by time interval.

Flashcard 52: Identify the physical quantity that impulse changes.

Answer: Momentum. Impulse directly changes an object's momentum.

Flashcard 53: Find the impulse required to stop a 15 kg object moving at 8 m/s.

Answer: -120 Ns. Change in momentum: $15(0-8) = -120$ kg·m/s = -120 Ns.

Flashcard 54: State the unit of momentum in the SI system.

Answer: Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Mass in kg times velocity in m/s.

Flashcard 55: Calculate the final momentum of a 2 kg object moving at 5 m/s.

Answer: 10 kg·m/s. Final momentum equals mass times final velocity.

Flashcard 56: Describe the relationship between impulse and momentum.

Answer: Impulse equals change in momentum. Impulse-momentum theorem connects force and motion.

Flashcard 57: How does impulse relate to the change in velocity for a constant mass?

Answer: Impulse equals mass times change in velocity. For constant mass, $J = m\triangle v$.

Flashcard 58: If a car's speed decreases from 30 m/s to 10 m/s, what is the change in momentum if mass is 1000 kg?

Answer: -20000 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $1000(10-30) = -20000$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 59: Find the impulse required to stop a 15 kg object moving at 8 m/s.

Answer: -120 Ns. Change in momentum: $15(0-8) = -120$ kg·m/s = -120 Ns.

Flashcard 60: A 3 kg object accelerates from rest to 10 m/s. Calculate the impulse.

Answer: 30 Ns. Change in momentum: $3(10-0) = 30$ kg·m/s = 30 Ns.

Flashcard 61: Describe the relationship between impulse and momentum.

Answer: Impulse equals change in momentum. Impulse-momentum theorem connects force and motion.

Flashcard 62: What is the effect of increasing the force applied on an object over a given time?

Answer: Increase in impulse. Greater force produces larger impulse for same time.

Flashcard 63: If the impulse is 25 Ns and time is 5 s, what is the average force exerted?

Answer: 5 N. Average force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{25}{5} = 5$ N.

Flashcard 64: What is the change in velocity if a 30 Ns impulse is applied to a 5 kg object?

Answer: 6 m/s. Change in velocity: $\triangle v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{30}{5} = 6$ m/s.

Flashcard 65: What is the effect of increasing the force applied on an object over a given time?

Answer: Increase in impulse. Greater force produces larger impulse for same time.

Flashcard 66: What is the initial momentum of a 20 kg object moving at 3 m/s?

Answer: 60 kg·m/s. Momentum equals mass times velocity: $20 \times 3 = 60$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 67: How does impulse relate to the change in velocity for a constant mass?

Answer: Impulse equals mass times change in velocity. For constant mass, $J = m\triangle v$.

Flashcard 68: If a car's speed decreases from 30 m/s to 10 m/s, what is the change in momentum if mass is 1000 kg?

Answer: -20000 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $1000(10-30) = -20000$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 69: What is the final velocity of a 4 kg object after a 16 Ns impulse, starting from rest?

Answer: 4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{16}{4} = 4$ m/s.

Flashcard 70: Calculate the final momentum of a 2 kg object moving at 5 m/s.

Answer: 10 kg·m/s. Final momentum equals mass times final velocity.

Flashcard 71: If a force of 10 N acts for 4 s, what is the impulse imparted?

Answer: 40 Ns. Impulse equals force times time: $10 \times 4 = 40$ Ns.

Flashcard 72: What does a larger impulse indicate in terms of force and time?

Answer: A larger force or longer duration. Greater impulse means stronger or longer force application.

Flashcard 73: If a baseball experiences an impulse of 10 Ns, which physical quantity changes?

Answer: Momentum. Impulse always changes momentum of objects.

Flashcard 74: Calculate the force exerted if an impulse of 15 Ns is applied over 3 s.

Answer: 5 N. Force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{15}{3} = 5$ N.

Flashcard 75: How does impulse relate to force when time is constant?

Answer: Impulse is directly proportional to force. $J = F\triangle t$, so impulse increases with force.