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This deck focuses on Causation In Period 1, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP US History.
AP US History Flashcards: Causation In Period 1
Study Causation In Period 1 in AP US History with focused flashcards that help you recognize the idea, recall the key rule, and apply it in practice-style prompts.
AP US History
Causation In Period 1
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QUESTION
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Which economic system was characterized by the control of trade by the state?
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ANSWER
Mercantilism. Emphasized accumulating precious metals and favorable trade balance.
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Flashcard 1: Which economic system was characterized by the control of trade by the state?
Answer: Mercantilism. Emphasized accumulating precious metals and favorable trade balance.
Flashcard 2: What was a significant cultural impact of Spanish colonization in the Americas?
Answer: Spread of Christianity. Missionaries converted millions through force and persuasion.
Flashcard 3: Which agricultural product became a staple in Europe due to the Columbian Exchange?
Answer: Potatoes. High nutritional value helped feed growing European populations.
Flashcard 4: What was one economic impact of the silver trade on Spain?
Answer: Inflation in the Spanish economy. Massive influx of silver caused price revolution.
Flashcard 5: Identify the effect of the introduction of European firearms to Native societies.
Answer: Changed warfare dynamics. Guns gave technological advantage in tribal conflicts.
Flashcard 6: What was a major result of European colonization on American ecology?
Answer: Introduction of invasive species. Non-native plants and animals disrupted ecological balance.
Flashcard 7: What was the primary motivation for England's colonization of North America?
Answer: Economic gain and religious freedom. Joint-stock companies and religious groups sought profit and refuge.
Flashcard 8: Which empire was defeated by Hernán Cortés?
Answer: The Aztec Empire. Conquered Tenochtitlan and destroyed the capital city.
Flashcard 9: Identify a technological development that aided European navigation.
Answer: The astrolabe. Measured celestial bodies to determine latitude at sea.
Flashcard 10: Which European country established New Amsterdam?
Answer: The Netherlands. Dutch West India Company established trading post on Manhattan.
Flashcard 11: What was a major consequence of the Columbian Exchange for the Americas?
Answer: Spread of European diseases. Devastated Indigenous populations who had no immunity.
Flashcard 12: Identify the primary source of labor in the Spanish colonies.
Answer: Indigenous peoples and African slaves. Encomienda system and Atlantic slave trade provided workers.
Flashcard 13: What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Answer: An agreement dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal. Prevented territorial conflicts between the two Catholic powers.
Flashcard 14: Which European nation first circumnavigated the globe?
Answer: Spain. Magellan's expedition completed the first global voyage.
Flashcard 15: Which term describes the exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds?
Answer: Columbian Exchange. Named for the biological and cultural transfers after 1492.
Flashcard 16: What was Bartolomé de las Casas known for advocating?
Answer: Rights of Indigenous peoples. Dominican friar exposed Spanish brutality in his writings.
Flashcard 17: Which empire was defeated by Hernán Cortés?
Answer: The Aztec Empire. Conquered Tenochtitlan and destroyed the capital city.
Flashcard 18: What was the primary goal of Spanish missions in the Americas?
Answer: Convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity. Franciscan and Jesuit priests built religious communities.
Flashcard 19: What was the encomienda system?
Answer: A labor system exploiting Indigenous people. Granted colonists control over Indigenous labor and tribute.
Flashcard 20: Identify a major effect of the introduction of European livestock in the Americas.
Answer: Altered Indigenous agriculture and landscapes. Cattle and pigs disrupted traditional farming and ecosystems.
Flashcard 21: What was the primary use of African slaves in the Americas?
Answer: Labor in plantations. Sugar and tobacco cultivation demanded intensive manual labor.
Flashcard 22: What role did mercantilism play in European colonization?
Answer: It drove the acquisition of colonies for resource extraction. Colonies provided raw materials to increase national wealth.
Flashcard 23: Which crop from the Americas became crucial to the African slave trade?
Answer: Sugar. Labor-intensive cultivation required large enslaved workforce.
Flashcard 24: Which term describes the exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds?
Answer: Columbian Exchange. Named for the biological and cultural transfers after 1492.
Flashcard 25: What was Bartolomé de las Casas known for advocating?
Answer: Rights of Indigenous peoples. Dominican friar exposed Spanish brutality in his writings.
Flashcard 26: Identify the primary economic activity in New France.
Answer: Fur trading. French colonists traded manufactured goods for beaver pelts.
Flashcard 27: Identify the main reason for French exploration in North America.
Answer: The fur trade. Beaver pelts were highly valuable in European markets.
Flashcard 28: Identify the conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.
Answer: Hernán Cortés. Used superior weapons and alliances to defeat Moctezuma.
Flashcard 29: Identify the effect of the introduction of European firearms to Native societies.
Answer: Changed warfare dynamics. Guns gave technological advantage in tribal conflicts.
Flashcard 30: What was the primary motive for European exploration during Period 1?
Answer: The search for new trade routes to Asia. Desire to bypass expensive Middle Eastern trade routes.
Flashcard 31: Which explorer's voyage proved the world was larger than previously thought?
Answer: Ferdinand Magellan. Demonstrated the vast scale of the Pacific Ocean.
Flashcard 32: Which disease had a significant impact on Indigenous populations in Period 1?
Answer: Smallpox. Killed millions who lacked immunity to European diseases.
Flashcard 33: What was the primary goal of Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage?
Answer: Finding a westward route to Asia. Sought spices and gold by sailing west instead of east.
Flashcard 34: Identify a technological advancement that facilitated European exploration.
Answer: The compass. Enabled accurate navigation across open oceans.
Flashcard 35: What was one economic impact of the silver trade on Spain?
Answer: Inflation in the Spanish economy. Massive influx of silver caused price revolution.
Flashcard 36: Which European country led early exploration efforts in the 15th century?
Answer: Portugal. Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored early Atlantic expeditions.
Flashcard 37: Which disease had a significant impact on Indigenous populations in Period 1?
Answer: Smallpox. Killed millions who lacked immunity to European diseases.
Flashcard 38: Identify a reason for the decline of Indigenous populations after 1492.
Answer: European diseases. Lack of immunity caused catastrophic mortality rates.
Flashcard 39: What was the encomienda system?
Answer: A labor system exploiting Indigenous people. Granted colonists control over Indigenous labor and tribute.
Flashcard 40: Identify the Columbian Exchange's impact on Europe.
Answer: Introduction of new crops and resources. Brought potatoes, tomatoes, and other crops that transformed European agriculture.
Flashcard 41: What was the significance of the caravel in exploration?
Answer: Allowed longer sea voyages. Light, maneuverable design perfect for ocean exploration.
Flashcard 42: What was the impact of horses on Native American societies?
Answer: Transformed mobility and hunting practices. Revolutionized Plains Indian warfare and buffalo hunting.
Flashcard 43: What was a major result of European colonization on American ecology?
Answer: Introduction of invasive species. Non-native plants and animals disrupted ecological balance.
Flashcard 44: Which Indigenous empire was located in the Andes and conquered by Pizarro?
Answer: The Inca Empire. Francisco Pizarro captured and executed Atahualpa for ransom.
Flashcard 45: Identify the conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire.
Answer: Hernán Cortés. Used superior weapons and alliances to defeat Moctezuma.
Flashcard 46: What was the impact of maize on European diets?
Answer: Diversification of food sources. Provided nutritious alternative to traditional European grains.
Flashcard 47: Which European country established New Amsterdam?
Answer: The Netherlands. Dutch West India Company established trading post on Manhattan.
Flashcard 48: What was the primary use of African slaves in the Americas?
Answer: Labor in plantations. Sugar and tobacco cultivation demanded intensive manual labor.
Flashcard 49: What was the primary motivation for England's colonization of North America?
Answer: Economic gain and religious freedom. Joint-stock companies and religious groups sought profit and refuge.
Flashcard 50: Which Indigenous empire was located in the Andes and conquered by Pizarro?
Answer: The Inca Empire. Francisco Pizarro captured and executed Atahualpa for ransom.
Flashcard 51: Identify the primary economic activity in New France.
Answer: Fur trading. French colonists traded manufactured goods for beaver pelts.
Flashcard 52: Which explorer is credited with discovering the Pacific Ocean?
Answer: Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Crossed the Panama isthmus to reach the western ocean.
Flashcard 53: Which explorer is credited with discovering the Pacific Ocean?
Answer: Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Crossed the Panama isthmus to reach the western ocean.
Flashcard 54: Identify a reason for the decline of Indigenous populations after 1492.
Answer: European diseases. Lack of immunity caused catastrophic mortality rates.
Flashcard 55: What was a primary consequence of European colonization for Native populations?
Answer: Population decline due to disease. Epidemics wiped out up to 90% in some regions.
Flashcard 56: What was the primary motive for European exploration during Period 1?
Answer: The search for new trade routes to Asia. Desire to bypass expensive Middle Eastern trade routes.
Flashcard 57: Which explorer's voyage proved the world was larger than previously thought?
Answer: Ferdinand Magellan. Demonstrated the vast scale of the Pacific Ocean.
Flashcard 58: What was a significant cultural impact of Spanish colonization in the Americas?
Answer: Spread of Christianity. Missionaries converted millions through force and persuasion.
Flashcard 59: What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Answer: An agreement dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal. Prevented territorial conflicts between the two Catholic powers.
Flashcard 60: Identify the Columbian Exchange's impact on Europe.
Answer: Introduction of new crops and resources. Brought potatoes, tomatoes, and other crops that transformed European agriculture.
Flashcard 61: Which economic system was characterized by the control of trade by the state?
Answer: Mercantilism. Emphasized accumulating precious metals and favorable trade balance.
Flashcard 62: Which crop from the Americas became crucial to the African slave trade?
Answer: Sugar. Labor-intensive cultivation required large enslaved workforce.
Flashcard 63: Which European nation first circumnavigated the globe?
Answer: Spain. Magellan's expedition completed the first global voyage.
Flashcard 64: What was the primary goal of Spanish missions in the Americas?
Answer: Convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity. Franciscan and Jesuit priests built religious communities.
Flashcard 65: Identify the primary source of labor in the Spanish colonies.
Answer: Indigenous peoples and African slaves. Encomienda system and Atlantic slave trade provided workers.