AP World History Modern Flashcards: Internal External Challenges To State Power

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Internal External Challenges To State Power, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP World History Modern.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Which European power faced the Thirty Years' War as a major challenge?

Answer: Holy Roman Empire. Religious war devastated German territories 1618-1648.

Flashcard 2: Which Chinese dynasty faced internal strife due to the White Lotus Rebellion?

Answer: Qing Dynasty. White Lotus Society rebelled against Manchu rule in 1796-1804.

Flashcard 3: What was the primary challenge faced by the Tokugawa shogunate?

Answer: Isolationist policies against foreign influence. Sakoku policy limited trade and contact with foreigners.

Flashcard 4: Identify the leader of the Glorious Revolution in England.

Answer: William of Orange. Dutch stadtholder became Protestant king of England 1688.

Flashcard 5: What was the main cause of the Ottoman-Safavid conflict?

Answer: Territorial and religious disputes. Competition over trade routes and Shia-Sunni differences.

Flashcard 6: What was the main cause of the Ottoman-Safavid conflict?

Answer: Territorial and religious disputes. Competition over trade routes and Shia-Sunni differences.

Flashcard 7: What was the result of the English Civil War for monarchy in England?

Answer: Temporary abolition of monarchy. Parliamentary victory established republican government 1649-1660.

Flashcard 8: Which empire faced internal challenges due to the Streltsy Rebellion?

Answer: Russian Empire. Elite military units rebelled against Peter the Great's reforms.

Flashcard 9: Which rebellion challenged the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan?

Answer: Shimabara Rebellion. Christian peasants revolted against religious persecution 1637-1638.

Flashcard 10: Who led the French Wars of Religion against the Huguenots?

Answer: Catholic League. Catholic nobles fought Protestant Huguenots for religious control.

Flashcard 11: Identify the empire that faced the Sikh rebellion in the 17th century.

Answer: Mughal Empire. Sikhs challenged Mughal authority in Punjab region.

Flashcard 12: What was the main cause of the Glorious Revolution in 1688?

Answer: Opposition to Catholic monarchy. Protestants removed Catholic James II from throne.

Flashcard 13: What was the primary challenge faced by the Tokugawa shogunate?

Answer: Isolationist policies against foreign influence. Sakoku policy limited trade and contact with foreigners.

Flashcard 14: Identify the empire that faced the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean.

Answer: Ottoman Empire. Rival Muslim powers competed for Indian Ocean trade control.

Flashcard 15: What was the primary external threat to the Safavid Empire?

Answer: Ottoman Empire. Territorial rivalry between Islamic empires in Middle East.

Flashcard 16: What event marked the beginning of the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

Answer: Battle of Lepanto. 1571 naval defeat ended Ottoman Mediterranean expansion.

Flashcard 17: Which internal conflict was a major challenge to the French monarchy?

Answer: Fronde. Parliamentary nobles opposed royal absolutism during regency period.

Flashcard 18: What was the primary cause of the Dutch Revolt (1568–1648)?

Answer: Religious and political tensions with Spain. Protestant Dutch resisted Catholic Spanish rule and taxation.

Flashcard 19: What was the result of the English Civil War for monarchy in England?

Answer: Temporary abolition of monarchy. Parliamentary victory established republican government 1649-1660.

Flashcard 20: What was the primary goal of the Cossack rebellions in Russia?

Answer: Opposition to serfdom and central authority. Cossacks sought freedom from feudal obligations.

Flashcard 21: Identify the leader of the Maratha Confederacy against the Mughal Empire.

Answer: Shivaji. Founded independent Maratha kingdom in western India.

Flashcard 22: Which empire faced the War of the Austrian Succession?

Answer: Austrian Empire. European powers contested Maria Theresa's inheritance 1740-1748.

Flashcard 23: Which internal conflict weakened the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century?

Answer: Peasant uprisings. Rural revolts weakened imperial authority and resources.

Flashcard 24: Which internal conflict was a major challenge to the French monarchy?

Answer: Fronde. Parliamentary nobles opposed royal absolutism during regency period.

Flashcard 25: What was the main internal threat to the Spanish Empire in the Americas?

Answer: Indigenous uprisings. Native peoples resisted Spanish colonial rule and exploitation.

Flashcard 26: What was the primary external threat to the Safavid Empire?

Answer: Ottoman Empire. Territorial rivalry between Islamic empires in Middle East.

Flashcard 27: Which rebellion challenged the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan?

Answer: Shimabara Rebellion. Christian peasants revolted against religious persecution 1637-1638.

Flashcard 28: Which internal conflict weakened the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century?

Answer: Peasant uprisings. Rural revolts weakened imperial authority and resources.

Flashcard 29: Which European power faced the Thirty Years' War as a major challenge?

Answer: Holy Roman Empire. Religious war devastated German territories 1618-1648.

Flashcard 30: What was the primary cause of the Dutch Revolt (1568–1648)?

Answer: Religious and political tensions with Spain. Protestant Dutch resisted Catholic Spanish rule and taxation.

Flashcard 31: Which empire faced the War of the Austrian Succession?

Answer: Austrian Empire. European powers contested Maria Theresa's inheritance 1740-1748.

Flashcard 32: Identify the leader of the Maratha Confederacy against the Mughal Empire.

Answer: Shivaji. Founded independent Maratha kingdom in western India.

Flashcard 33: Identify the event that marked the end of the Spanish Reconquista in 1492.

Answer: Fall of Granada. Last Muslim stronghold in Iberian Peninsula conquered.

Flashcard 34: Which kingdom faced internal challenges due to the Jacobite risings?

Answer: Kingdom of Great Britain. Scottish attempts to restore Stuart monarchy 1689-1746.

Flashcard 35: Identify the empire that faced the Sikh rebellion in the 17th century.

Answer: Mughal Empire. Sikhs challenged Mughal authority in Punjab region.

Flashcard 36: Identify the event that marked the end of the Spanish Reconquista in 1492.

Answer: Fall of Granada. Last Muslim stronghold in Iberian Peninsula conquered.

Flashcard 37: Which empire faced internal challenges due to the Streltsy Rebellion?

Answer: Russian Empire. Elite military units rebelled against Peter the Great's reforms.

Flashcard 38: What was the main internal threat to the Spanish Empire in the Americas?

Answer: Indigenous uprisings. Native peoples resisted Spanish colonial rule and exploitation.

Flashcard 39: What was the main cause of the Glorious Revolution in 1688?

Answer: Opposition to Catholic monarchy. Protestants removed Catholic James II from throne.

Flashcard 40: Which Chinese dynasty faced internal strife due to the White Lotus Rebellion?

Answer: Qing Dynasty. White Lotus Society rebelled against Manchu rule in 1796-1804.

Flashcard 41: Which kingdom did the Dutch East India Company challenge in Southeast Asia?

Answer: Kingdom of Mataram. Java-based kingdom resisted Dutch colonial expansion.

Flashcard 42: Which event marked the decline of the Mughal Empire?

Answer: Battle of Plassey. 1757 victory gave British control over Bengal region.

Flashcard 43: Which European power challenged the Portuguese monopoly in Asia?

Answer: Dutch Republic. Dutch broke Portuguese spice trade monopoly in Southeast Asia.

Flashcard 44: Identify the event that signaled the decline of the Spanish Armada.

Answer: Defeat by England in 1588. English navy destroyed Spanish naval supremacy.

Flashcard 45: Identify the conflict that marked the rise of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain.

Answer: War of the Spanish Succession. European powers fought over Spanish throne succession 1701-1714.

Flashcard 46: Who led the French Wars of Religion against the Huguenots?

Answer: Catholic League. Catholic nobles fought Protestant Huguenots for religious control.

Flashcard 47: What was the primary goal of the Cossack rebellions in Russia?

Answer: Opposition to serfdom and central authority. Cossacks sought freedom from feudal obligations.

Flashcard 48: Identify the empire that faced the Anglo-Spanish War.

Answer: Spanish Empire. England and Spain fought for naval and colonial supremacy.

Flashcard 49: What event marked the beginning of the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

Answer: Battle of Lepanto. 1571 naval defeat ended Ottoman Mediterranean expansion.

Flashcard 50: What was the main factor leading to the English Civil War?

Answer: Conflict between monarchy and Parliament. Charles I's absolute rule conflicted with parliamentary authority.

Flashcard 51: Identify the rebellion that led to the end of the Ming Dynasty.

Answer: Li Zicheng's Rebellion. Peasant leader's revolt opened Beijing to Manchu invasion.

Flashcard 52: What was the main factor leading to the English Civil War?

Answer: Conflict between monarchy and Parliament. Charles I's absolute rule conflicted with parliamentary authority.

Flashcard 53: Identify the rebellion led by Yemelyan Pugachev in Russia.

Answer: Pugachev's Rebellion. 1773-1775 uprising against Catherine the Great's rule.

Flashcard 54: Identify the leader of the Glorious Revolution in England.

Answer: William of Orange. Dutch stadtholder became Protestant king of England 1688.

Flashcard 55: Which kingdom did the Dutch East India Company challenge in Southeast Asia?

Answer: Kingdom of Mataram. Java-based kingdom resisted Dutch colonial expansion.

Flashcard 56: What was the primary cause of the Fronde in France?

Answer: Noble opposition to royal power. Parliamentary nobles resisted absolute monarchy during Louis XIV's minority.

Flashcard 57: Identify the rebellion that led to the end of the Ming Dynasty.

Answer: Li Zicheng's Rebellion. Peasant leader's revolt opened Beijing to Manchu invasion.

Flashcard 58: Which event marked the decline of the Mughal Empire?

Answer: Battle of Plassey. 1757 victory gave British control over Bengal region.

Flashcard 59: Which kingdom faced internal challenges due to the Jacobite risings?

Answer: Kingdom of Great Britain. Scottish attempts to restore Stuart monarchy 1689-1746.

Flashcard 60: Which treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648?

Answer: Peace of Westphalia. Established principle of state sovereignty over religious unity.

Flashcard 61: Identify the event that signaled the decline of the Spanish Armada.

Answer: Defeat by England in 1588. English navy destroyed Spanish naval supremacy.

Flashcard 62: Which treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648?

Answer: Peace of Westphalia. Established principle of state sovereignty over religious unity.

Flashcard 63: Identify the empire that faced the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean.

Answer: Ottoman Empire. Rival Muslim powers competed for Indian Ocean trade control.

Flashcard 64: What was the primary cause of the Fronde in France?

Answer: Noble opposition to royal power. Parliamentary nobles resisted absolute monarchy during Louis XIV's minority.

Flashcard 65: Which European power challenged the Portuguese monopoly in Asia?

Answer: Dutch Republic. Dutch broke Portuguese spice trade monopoly in Southeast Asia.

Flashcard 66: Identify the rebellion led by Yemelyan Pugachev in Russia.

Answer: Pugachev's Rebellion. 1773-1775 uprising against Catherine the Great's rule.