Effects of the Cold War Practice Test

In the decades after 1945, the Cold War shaped global politics through competing U.S. and Soviet alliances, proxy wars, and ideological campaigns. Many newly independent states in Asia and Africa received military aid, development loans, and advisers, but also faced coups, civil conflicts, and pressure to align with one bloc. Nuclear weapons and the doctrine of deterrence encouraged caution between superpowers while intensifying espionage and propaganda. Which development best illustrates an effect of Cold War rivalry on decolonizing regions?

Cold War tensions shaped domestic politics in many countries. Governments sometimes expanded internal security, censored dissent, and justified surveillance by claiming opponents were agents of the rival ideology. In the United States, fear of communist infiltration influenced congressional investigations, loyalty oaths, and blacklists in entertainment and government. Similar patterns appeared elsewhere, where anti-communism or anti-capitalism became tools to consolidate authority. Which term best describes the U.S. domestic campaign of investigations and accusations targeting alleged communists in the early 1950s?