Biology Flashcards: Analyze Feedback And Stability Examples

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Analyze Feedback And Stability Examples, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for Biology.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Identify the feedback type: rising thyroid hormone levels inhibit TRH and TSH release.

Answer: Negative feedback. Thyroid hormone inhibits its own production.

Flashcard 2: Identify the feedback type: platelets release chemicals that attract more platelets to a wound.

Answer: Positive feedback. Platelet aggregation amplifies itself.

Flashcard 3: What is positive feedback in homeostasis?

Answer: A response that amplifies a change, driving a process to completion. Reinforces changes to drive completion.

Flashcard 4: Which option best indicates positive feedback from a graph trend after a disturbance?

Answer: The variable moves farther from the original level over time. Shows amplification away from baseline.

Flashcard 5: What receptors detect stretch changes in blood vessels for blood pressure regulation?

Answer: Baroreceptors. Detect pressure changes in vessel walls.

Flashcard 6: What is the main effect of glucagon on blood glucose?

Answer: Raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in liver. Stimulates glucose release from storage.

Flashcard 7: Which hormone primarily raises blood calcium levels when they are low?

Answer: PTH (parathyroid hormone). Increases calcium release from bones and absorption.

Flashcard 8: Identify the feedback type: blood pH drops, breathing increases, pH returns toward normal.

Answer: Negative feedback. Breathing counteracts pH changes.

Flashcard 9: Identify the feedback type: blood pressure rises, baroreceptors signal, heart rate decreases.

Answer: Negative feedback. Heart rate decreases to counter high pressure.

Flashcard 10: Identify the feedback type: uterine contractions trigger oxytocin, contractions intensify.

Answer: Positive feedback. Oxytocin amplifies contractions progressively.

Flashcard 11: Identify the feedback type: blood glucose falls, glucagon increases, blood glucose rises.

Answer: Negative feedback. Glucagon counteracts low glucose levels.

Flashcard 12: Which option best identifies the sequence in a homeostatic loop?

Answer: Stimulus → receptor → control center → effector → response. The standard homeostatic pathway.

Flashcard 13: Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin when blood glucose is high?

Answer: Beta cells. Release insulin when glucose is elevated.

Flashcard 14: Identify the feedback type: body temperature rises, sweating increases, temperature falls.

Answer: Negative feedback. Sweating counteracts rising temperature.

Flashcard 15: Which gland releases TSH in the thyroid regulation pathway?

Answer: Anterior pituitary. Releases TSH to stimulate thyroid gland.

Flashcard 16: Identify the feedback type: high blood osmolarity triggers thirst, drinking lowers osmolarity.

Answer: Negative feedback. Drinking counteracts high blood concentration.

Flashcard 17: Which feedback type most commonly maintains internal stability: negative or positive?

Answer: Negative feedback. Counteracts changes for stability.

Flashcard 18: Identify the feedback type: low blood calcium triggers PTH, blood calcium increases.

Answer: Negative feedback. PTH counteracts low calcium levels.

Flashcard 19: What is the control center's role in a feedback loop?

Answer: Compares to set point and sends commands to effectors. Processes information and directs response.

Flashcard 20: What hormone increases water reabsorption in kidney collecting ducts?

Answer: ADH (antidiuretic hormone). Promotes water retention in kidneys.

Flashcard 21: Identify the feedback type: low blood calcium triggers PTH, blood calcium increases.

Answer: Negative feedback. PTH counteracts low calcium levels.

Flashcard 22: Which feedback type most commonly maintains internal stability: negative or positive?

Answer: Negative feedback. Counteracts changes for stability.

Flashcard 23: Identify the feedback type: body temperature drops, shivering increases, temperature rises.

Answer: Negative feedback. Shivering counteracts falling temperature.

Flashcard 24: What is the control center's role in a feedback loop?

Answer: Compares to set point and sends commands to effectors. Processes information and directs response.

Flashcard 25: What is the effector's role in a feedback loop?

Answer: Carries out the response that changes the variable. Executes the corrective action.

Flashcard 26: Identify the feedback type: cold causes vasoconstriction, reducing heat loss and warming.

Answer: Negative feedback. Vasoconstriction counteracts cooling.

Flashcard 27: What is the general relationship between $CO_2$ and blood acidity?

Answer: Higher $CO_2$ increases acidity (lowers pH). $CO_2$ forms carbonic acid in blood.

Flashcard 28: What is the primary effect of ADH on urine volume?

Answer: Decreases urine volume. Less water lost means less urine.

Flashcard 29: Which feedback type is most associated with childbirth and blood clotting?

Answer: Positive feedback. Both involve amplification to completion.

Flashcard 30: Identify the feedback type: blood pressure rises, baroreceptors signal, heart rate decreases.

Answer: Negative feedback. Heart rate decreases to counter high pressure.

Flashcard 31: What receptors detect stretch changes in blood vessels for blood pressure regulation?

Answer: Baroreceptors. Detect pressure changes in vessel walls.

Flashcard 32: Identify the feedback type: blood glucose rises, insulin increases, blood glucose falls.

Answer: Negative feedback. Insulin counteracts high glucose levels.

Flashcard 33: Which pancreatic cells secrete glucagon when blood glucose is low?

Answer: Alpha cells. Release glucagon when glucose is low.

Flashcard 34: Identify the effector: glucagon signals a tissue to break down glycogen to glucose.

Answer: Liver cells. Primary glucose release site for glucagon.

Flashcard 35: Which option best indicates negative feedback from a graph trend after a disturbance?

Answer: The variable returns toward the original level over time. Shows correction back toward baseline.

Flashcard 36: Identify the feedback type: blood pH drops, breathing increases, pH returns toward normal.

Answer: Negative feedback. Breathing counteracts pH changes.

Flashcard 37: Identify the feedback type: high blood osmolarity triggers thirst, drinking lowers osmolarity.

Answer: Negative feedback. Drinking counteracts high blood concentration.

Flashcard 38: Which hormone primarily lowers blood calcium levels when they are high?

Answer: Calcitonin. Promotes calcium storage in bones.

Flashcard 39: What is the main effect of insulin on blood glucose?

Answer: Lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake and storage. Promotes glucose uptake and storage.

Flashcard 40: What brain region commonly acts as the control center for human thermoregulation?

Answer: Hypothalamus. Brain's thermostat for temperature control.

Flashcard 41: Identify the effector: glucagon signals a tissue to break down glycogen to glucose.

Answer: Liver cells. Primary glucose release site for glucagon.

Flashcard 42: What is positive feedback in homeostasis?

Answer: A response that amplifies a change, driving a process to completion. Reinforces changes to drive completion.

Flashcard 43: Which hormone primarily lowers blood calcium levels when they are high?

Answer: Calcitonin. Promotes calcium storage in bones.

Flashcard 44: What term describes a normal range around a set point in homeostasis?

Answer: Normal range. Acceptable variation around the set point.

Flashcard 45: Which option best identifies the sequence in a homeostatic loop?

Answer: Stimulus → receptor → control center → effector → response. The standard homeostatic pathway.

Flashcard 46: Identify the effector: insulin signals a tissue to store glucose as glycogen.

Answer: Liver cells. Primary glucose storage site for insulin.

Flashcard 47: Identify the effector: insulin signals a tissue to store glucose as glycogen.

Answer: Liver cells. Primary glucose storage site for insulin.

Flashcard 48: What term describes the target value a homeostatic system maintains?

Answer: Set point. The ideal value maintained by homeostasis.

Flashcard 49: Which option best distinguishes feedback from feedforward control?

Answer: Feedback responds after change; feedforward anticipates change. Feedback reacts; feedforward predicts.

Flashcard 50: Identify the feedback type: blood glucose rises, insulin increases, blood glucose falls.

Answer: Negative feedback. Insulin counteracts high glucose levels.

Flashcard 51: What is the main purpose of negative feedback in physiology?

Answer: Stabilize internal conditions by counteracting deviations. Reverses changes to maintain balance.

Flashcard 52: What term describes the target value a homeostatic system maintains?

Answer: Set point. The ideal value maintained by homeostasis.

Flashcard 53: What term describes keeping internal conditions within narrow limits despite external change?

Answer: Homeostasis. Maintaining stable internal environment.

Flashcard 54: Identify the feedback type: rising blood calcium triggers calcitonin, blood calcium decreases.

Answer: Negative feedback. Calcitonin counteracts high calcium levels.

Flashcard 55: What is the main effect of insulin on blood glucose?

Answer: Lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake and storage. Promotes glucose uptake and storage.

Flashcard 56: What hormone increases water reabsorption in kidney collecting ducts?

Answer: ADH (antidiuretic hormone). Promotes water retention in kidneys.

Flashcard 57: Identify the feedback type: rising thyroid hormone levels inhibit TRH and TSH release.

Answer: Negative feedback. Thyroid hormone inhibits its own production.

Flashcard 58: What is the effector's role in a feedback loop?

Answer: Carries out the response that changes the variable. Executes the corrective action.

Flashcard 59: Identify the feedback type: uterine contractions trigger oxytocin, contractions intensify.

Answer: Positive feedback. Oxytocin amplifies contractions progressively.

Flashcard 60: Identify the feedback type: cold causes vasoconstriction, reducing heat loss and warming.

Answer: Negative feedback. Vasoconstriction counteracts cooling.

Flashcard 61: Which hormone primarily raises blood calcium levels when they are low?

Answer: PTH (parathyroid hormone). Increases calcium release from bones and absorption.

Flashcard 62: Identify the feedback type: dehydration increases ADH, kidneys conserve water, dehydration decreases.

Answer: Negative feedback. ADH counteracts dehydration by conserving water.

Flashcard 63: Identify the feedback type: blood glucose falls, glucagon increases, blood glucose rises.

Answer: Negative feedback. Glucagon counteracts low glucose levels.

Flashcard 64: Identify the feedback type: dehydration increases ADH, kidneys conserve water, dehydration decreases.

Answer: Negative feedback. ADH counteracts dehydration by conserving water.

Flashcard 65: What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

Answer: A response that reverses a change to restore a set point. Counteracts changes to maintain stability.

Flashcard 66: What term describes a change that pushes a system away from a set point?

Answer: Stimulus. A change that disrupts equilibrium.

Flashcard 67: Identify the effector in thermoregulation when you shiver to warm up.

Answer: Skeletal muscles. Contract to generate heat through movement.

Flashcard 68: Which option best indicates negative feedback from a graph trend after a disturbance?

Answer: The variable returns toward the original level over time. Shows correction back toward baseline.

Flashcard 69: What term describes a change that pushes a system away from a set point?

Answer: Stimulus. A change that disrupts equilibrium.

Flashcard 70: Which pancreatic cells secrete glucagon when blood glucose is low?

Answer: Alpha cells. Release glucagon when glucose is low.

Flashcard 71: Which feedback type is most associated with childbirth and blood clotting?

Answer: Positive feedback. Both involve amplification to completion.

Flashcard 72: Which variable is directly regulated by ventilation to help control blood pH?

Answer: Blood $CO_2$ level. Ventilation controls $CO_2$ to maintain pH.

Flashcard 73: Identify the feedback type: rising blood calcium triggers calcitonin, blood calcium decreases.

Answer: Negative feedback. Calcitonin counteracts high calcium levels.

Flashcard 74: Identify the effector in thermoregulation when you sweat to cool down.

Answer: Sweat glands. Produces sweat to cool the body.

Flashcard 75: Which gland releases TSH in the thyroid regulation pathway?

Answer: Anterior pituitary. Releases TSH to stimulate thyroid gland.

Flashcard 76: Identify the effector in thermoregulation when you sweat to cool down.

Answer: Sweat glands. Produces sweat to cool the body.

Flashcard 77: Which variable is directly regulated by ventilation to help control blood pH?

Answer: Blood $CO_2$ level. Ventilation controls $CO_2$ to maintain pH.

Flashcard 78: What is the main purpose of negative feedback in physiology?

Answer: Stabilize internal conditions by counteracting deviations. Reverses changes to maintain balance.

Flashcard 79: What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

Answer: A response that reverses a change to restore a set point. Counteracts changes to maintain stability.

Flashcard 80: Which option best distinguishes feedback from feedforward control?

Answer: Feedback responds after change; feedforward anticipates change. Feedback reacts; feedforward predicts.

Flashcard 81: What term describes a normal range around a set point in homeostasis?

Answer: Normal range. Acceptable variation around the set point.

Flashcard 82: What brain region commonly acts as the control center for human thermoregulation?

Answer: Hypothalamus. Brain's thermostat for temperature control.

Flashcard 83: Identify the effector in thermoregulation when you shiver to warm up.

Answer: Skeletal muscles. Contract to generate heat through movement.

Flashcard 84: Identify the feedback type: overheating causes vasodilation, increasing heat loss and cooling.

Answer: Negative feedback. Vasodilation counteracts overheating.

Flashcard 85: What is the receptor's role in a feedback loop?

Answer: Detects a change and sends information to the control center. Monitors and communicates changes.

Flashcard 86: What is the overall outcome of positive feedback during blood clotting?

Answer: Rapid clot formation until the break in the vessel is sealed. Amplification continues until vessel is sealed.

Flashcard 87: What term describes keeping internal conditions within narrow limits despite external change?

Answer: Homeostasis. Maintaining stable internal environment.

Flashcard 88: Identify the feedback type: blood $CO_2$ rises, breathing rate increases, blood $CO_2$ falls.

Answer: Negative feedback. Breathing increases to remove excess $CO_2$.

Flashcard 89: What is the primary effect of ADH on urine volume?

Answer: Decreases urine volume. Less water lost means less urine.

Flashcard 90: Identify the feedback type: blood $CO_2$ rises, breathing rate increases, blood $CO_2$ falls.

Answer: Negative feedback. Breathing increases to remove excess $CO_2$.

Flashcard 91: Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin when blood glucose is high?

Answer: Beta cells. Release insulin when glucose is elevated.

Flashcard 92: Identify the feedback type: overheating causes vasodilation, increasing heat loss and cooling.

Answer: Negative feedback. Vasodilation counteracts overheating.

Flashcard 93: Which option best indicates positive feedback from a graph trend after a disturbance?

Answer: The variable moves farther from the original level over time. Shows amplification away from baseline.

Flashcard 94: What is the receptor's role in a feedback loop?

Answer: Detects a change and sends information to the control center. Monitors and communicates changes.

Flashcard 95: What is the general relationship between $CO_2$ and blood acidity?

Answer: Higher $CO_2$ increases acidity (lowers pH). $CO_2$ forms carbonic acid in blood.

Flashcard 96: What is the overall outcome of positive feedback during blood clotting?

Answer: Rapid clot formation until the break in the vessel is sealed. Amplification continues until vessel is sealed.

Flashcard 97: Identify the feedback type: body temperature rises, sweating increases, temperature falls.

Answer: Negative feedback. Sweating counteracts rising temperature.

Flashcard 98: Identify the feedback type: platelets release chemicals that attract more platelets to a wound.

Answer: Positive feedback. Platelet aggregation amplifies itself.

Flashcard 99: What is the main effect of glucagon on blood glucose?

Answer: Raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in liver. Stimulates glucose release from storage.

Flashcard 100: Identify the feedback type: body temperature drops, shivering increases, temperature rises.

Answer: Negative feedback. Shivering counteracts falling temperature.