Gross Anatomy

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Questions 1 - 10
1

Which of the following does not serve an endocrine function?

Medulla oblongata

Heart

Kidney

Liver

Pancreas

Explanation

Endocrine organs are capable of secreting hormone signals into the blood. The heart releases atrial-natriuretic hormone, which stimulates vasodilation to reduce blood pressure and affects kidney function. The liver releases insulin-like growth factor in response to growth hormone, which has direct effects on stimulating cell growth and division. The kidneys release renin, which acts to increase blood pressure via sodium retention. The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose concentration.

The medulla oblongata is located in the brain stem and regulates several vital functions, such as respiration and heart rate. It performs these actions via action potentials and innervation, rather than the secretion of hormones.

2

Which of the following is not a layer of the epidermis?

Stratum epidermidis

Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum basalis

Explanation

There are five layers of the epidermis. From surface to base, the layers are the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basalis.

The stratum corneum is composed of several layers of barrier cells and serves mostly for protection. The stratum lucidum is only found in the palms and soles and helps thicken the skin. The stratum granulosum contains lipids and fatty acids. The stratum spinosum contains some immune cells, as well as lipids. The stratum basalis contains melanocytes and mechanoreceptor cells attached to the basement membrane.

3

How many roots make up the brachial plexus?

5

6

3

7

Explanation

The correct answer is 5 roots. They are roots C5-C8 and T1.

4

Which of the following does not serve an endocrine function?

Medulla oblongata

Heart

Kidney

Liver

Pancreas

Explanation

Endocrine organs are capable of secreting hormone signals into the blood. The heart releases atrial-natriuretic hormone, which stimulates vasodilation to reduce blood pressure and affects kidney function. The liver releases insulin-like growth factor in response to growth hormone, which has direct effects on stimulating cell growth and division. The kidneys release renin, which acts to increase blood pressure via sodium retention. The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose concentration.

The medulla oblongata is located in the brain stem and regulates several vital functions, such as respiration and heart rate. It performs these actions via action potentials and innervation, rather than the secretion of hormones.

5

Which of the following does not serve an endocrine function?

Medulla oblongata

Heart

Kidney

Liver

Pancreas

Explanation

Endocrine organs are capable of secreting hormone signals into the blood. The heart releases atrial-natriuretic hormone, which stimulates vasodilation to reduce blood pressure and affects kidney function. The liver releases insulin-like growth factor in response to growth hormone, which has direct effects on stimulating cell growth and division. The kidneys release renin, which acts to increase blood pressure via sodium retention. The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose concentration.

The medulla oblongata is located in the brain stem and regulates several vital functions, such as respiration and heart rate. It performs these actions via action potentials and innervation, rather than the secretion of hormones.

6

Which of the following is not a layer of the epidermis?

Stratum epidermidis

Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum basalis

Explanation

There are five layers of the epidermis. From surface to base, the layers are the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basalis.

The stratum corneum is composed of several layers of barrier cells and serves mostly for protection. The stratum lucidum is only found in the palms and soles and helps thicken the skin. The stratum granulosum contains lipids and fatty acids. The stratum spinosum contains some immune cells, as well as lipids. The stratum basalis contains melanocytes and mechanoreceptor cells attached to the basement membrane.

7

Which of the following is not a layer of the epidermis?

Stratum epidermidis

Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum basalis

Explanation

There are five layers of the epidermis. From surface to base, the layers are the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basalis.

The stratum corneum is composed of several layers of barrier cells and serves mostly for protection. The stratum lucidum is only found in the palms and soles and helps thicken the skin. The stratum granulosum contains lipids and fatty acids. The stratum spinosum contains some immune cells, as well as lipids. The stratum basalis contains melanocytes and mechanoreceptor cells attached to the basement membrane.

8

How many roots make up the brachial plexus?

5

6

3

7

Explanation

The correct answer is 5 roots. They are roots C5-C8 and T1.

9

How many roots make up the brachial plexus?

5

6

3

7

Explanation

The correct answer is 5 roots. They are roots C5-C8 and T1.

10

What is the falx cerebelli?

A dural fold that separates the cerebellar hemispheres

A dural fold that separates the cerebrum and cerebellum

A fluid filled cavity within the cerebrum

A thin meningeal layer that covers the surface of the brain

Explanation

The falx cerebelli is a dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres. The tentorium cerebelli is the dural fold that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. A ventricle is a fluid filled cavity within the cerebrum through which cerebrospinal fluid circulates. The pia mater is the deepest, thin meningeal layer that covers the surface of the brain.

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