Analyzing nineteenth-century 2D art - AP Art History
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The work was painted in __________.
The work was painted in __________.
The portrait shown above was painted by Thomas Gainsborough, one of the foremost artists of the eighteenth century in England. This painting, The Blue Boy, is one of Gainsborough's most famous works, although he is actually more known for landscapes rather than portraiture. Gainsborough's portraiture style was heavily indebted to Anthony Van Dyck, who was Dutch, but heavily influenced English painting.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (c. 1770)
The portrait shown above was painted by Thomas Gainsborough, one of the foremost artists of the eighteenth century in England. This painting, The Blue Boy, is one of Gainsborough's most famous works, although he is actually more known for landscapes rather than portraiture. Gainsborough's portraiture style was heavily indebted to Anthony Van Dyck, who was Dutch, but heavily influenced English painting.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (c. 1770)
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The background of the painting is defined by __________.
The background of the painting is defined by __________.
The background of The Blue Boy, the above painting, is essentially a landscape that focuses on real naturalistic forms, which reflects the artistic preferences of the painter, Thomas Gainsborough. Gainsborough frequently discussed that he would rather paint landscapes, which were frequently achieved through quick and easy brushstrokes that allowed him to capture a natural moment as it happened.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (c. 1770)
The background of The Blue Boy, the above painting, is essentially a landscape that focuses on real naturalistic forms, which reflects the artistic preferences of the painter, Thomas Gainsborough. Gainsborough frequently discussed that he would rather paint landscapes, which were frequently achieved through quick and easy brushstrokes that allowed him to capture a natural moment as it happened.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (c. 1770)
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An artist who heavily influenced the style of this portrait was __________.
An artist who heavily influenced the style of this portrait was __________.
This eighteenth-century portrait by Thomas Gainsborough, The Blue Boy, intentionally references the previous century and the style of King Charles I's court painter, Sir Anthony van Dyck. Gainsborough places his subject in seventeenth-century clothing and poses him in a manner similar to that in which Van Dyck placed the children of Charles I in his portrait of them.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (1834-1835)
This eighteenth-century portrait by Thomas Gainsborough, The Blue Boy, intentionally references the previous century and the style of King Charles I's court painter, Sir Anthony van Dyck. Gainsborough places his subject in seventeenth-century clothing and poses him in a manner similar to that in which Van Dyck placed the children of Charles I in his portrait of them.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (1834-1835)
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The work depicts __________.
The work depicts __________.
The exact subject of this painting is not definitively known, but it is almost certainly the son of a wealthy merchant. The subject is not depicted in the manner of a royal, but he still looks wealthy.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (c. 1770)
The exact subject of this painting is not definitively known, but it is almost certainly the son of a wealthy merchant. The subject is not depicted in the manner of a royal, but he still looks wealthy.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (c. 1770)
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Figure 1 Figure 2
The painting shown in Figure 1 is a __________.
Figure 1 Figure 2
The painting shown in Figure 1 is a __________.
The painting shown in Figure 1, Vincent Van Gogh's The Starry Night, is a landscape, if a peculiar one. The scene is reputed to be the one Van Gogh saw from a sanitarium in Southern France, but the nighttime scene was painted during the day from memory. The painting has odd flourishes in its use of paint, swirling stars, and striking use of color, which are all hallmarks of Van Gogh's style.
Figure 1: The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh (1889)
Figure 2: Portrait of Père Tanguy by Vincent van Gogh (1887-8)
The painting shown in Figure 1, Vincent Van Gogh's The Starry Night, is a landscape, if a peculiar one. The scene is reputed to be the one Van Gogh saw from a sanitarium in Southern France, but the nighttime scene was painted during the day from memory. The painting has odd flourishes in its use of paint, swirling stars, and striking use of color, which are all hallmarks of Van Gogh's style.
Figure 1: The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh (1889)
Figure 2: Portrait of Père Tanguy by Vincent van Gogh (1887-8)
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Figure 3 Figure 4
The painting in Figure 3 is an __________.
Figure 3 Figure 4
The painting in Figure 3 is an __________.
Jacques-Louis David's Napoleon Crossing the Alps (1801) shows the newly minted Emperor of France crossing into Austria to give battle to his enemies. While using classical motifs, the equestrian portrait shows, in the Emperor's uniform, positioning, and look, a Revolutionary man standing in the place of great generals of the past. David, a noted artist of history paintings, grants Napoleon a historical position from the outset of his campaigns.
Figure 3: Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jaques-Louis David (1801)
Figure 4: Portrait of Sir Arthur Wellesley, First Duke of Wellington by Sir Thomas Lawrence (1814)
Jacques-Louis David's Napoleon Crossing the Alps (1801) shows the newly minted Emperor of France crossing into Austria to give battle to his enemies. While using classical motifs, the equestrian portrait shows, in the Emperor's uniform, positioning, and look, a Revolutionary man standing in the place of great generals of the past. David, a noted artist of history paintings, grants Napoleon a historical position from the outset of his campaigns.
Figure 3: Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jaques-Louis David (1801)
Figure 4: Portrait of Sir Arthur Wellesley, First Duke of Wellington by Sir Thomas Lawrence (1814)
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Figure 3 Figure 4
The painting in Figure 4 portrays its subject as __________.
Figure 3 Figure 4
The painting in Figure 4 portrays its subject as __________.
Fitting for an official portrait of the country's greatest military hero, Sir Thomas Lawrence's portrait of General Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, portrays him in a serious, uncompromising position. His serious demeanor is paired with his stiff pose, showing his arms crossed in front of him. In this portrait, Wellington is presented simply in front of a plain background, with little but his uniform to accent his own image and pose.
Figure 3: Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jaques-Louis David (1801)
Figure 4: Portrait of Sir Arthur Wellesley, First Duke of Wellington by Sir Thomas Lawrence (1814)
Fitting for an official portrait of the country's greatest military hero, Sir Thomas Lawrence's portrait of General Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, portrays him in a serious, uncompromising position. His serious demeanor is paired with his stiff pose, showing his arms crossed in front of him. In this portrait, Wellington is presented simply in front of a plain background, with little but his uniform to accent his own image and pose.
Figure 3: Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jaques-Louis David (1801)
Figure 4: Portrait of Sir Arthur Wellesley, First Duke of Wellington by Sir Thomas Lawrence (1814)
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Figure 3 Figure 4
Compared to the figure portrayed in the painting in Figure 4, the figure portrayed in the painting in Figure 3 is __________.
Figure 3 Figure 4
Compared to the figure portrayed in the painting in Figure 4, the figure portrayed in the painting in Figure 3 is __________.
Jacques-Louis David's portrait of Napoleon Crossing the Alps makes the Frenchman an energetic figure, in motion and ready to lead his troops into battle. David is able to portray the French emperor as the trans-historical and trans-national warrior. By contrast, Sir Thomas Lawrence's portrait of the Duke of Wellington presents a serene figure, but no less serious in his purpose as a general.
Figure 3: Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jaques-Louis David (1801)
Figure 4: Portrait of Sir Arthur Wellesley, First Duke of Wellington by Sir Thomas Lawrence (1814)
Jacques-Louis David's portrait of Napoleon Crossing the Alps makes the Frenchman an energetic figure, in motion and ready to lead his troops into battle. David is able to portray the French emperor as the trans-historical and trans-national warrior. By contrast, Sir Thomas Lawrence's portrait of the Duke of Wellington presents a serene figure, but no less serious in his purpose as a general.
Figure 3: Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jaques-Louis David (1801)
Figure 4: Portrait of Sir Arthur Wellesley, First Duke of Wellington by Sir Thomas Lawrence (1814)
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Figure 3 Figure 4
Both of the above images are notable for using __________.
Figure 3 Figure 4
Both of the above images are notable for using __________.
Each of these paintings are portraits of singular individuals, with little focus on other aspects, and use a heightened contrast of color to highlight the figures that are the main subjects of each painting. Jacques-Louis David's portrait of Napoleon has him in bold colors on a white horse, set against blue-gray backgrounds of storm clouds and mountains. Sir Thomas Lawrence's painting of Wellington places the Duke and his bright red uniform against a dark background, placing all focus on the Duke himself.
Figure 3: Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jaques-Louis David (1801)
Figure 4: Portrait of Sir Arthur Wellesley, First Duke of Wellington by Sir Thomas Lawrence (1814)
Each of these paintings are portraits of singular individuals, with little focus on other aspects, and use a heightened contrast of color to highlight the figures that are the main subjects of each painting. Jacques-Louis David's portrait of Napoleon has him in bold colors on a white horse, set against blue-gray backgrounds of storm clouds and mountains. Sir Thomas Lawrence's painting of Wellington places the Duke and his bright red uniform against a dark background, placing all focus on the Duke himself.
Figure 3: Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jaques-Louis David (1801)
Figure 4: Portrait of Sir Arthur Wellesley, First Duke of Wellington by Sir Thomas Lawrence (1814)
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Figure 1
Figure 2
The farthest left figure in the image on the right is probably __________
Figure 1
Figure 2
The farthest left figure in the image on the right is probably __________
It is widely known that in The Meeting, Gustave Courbet painted himself, his art dealer Alfred Buyas, and Buyas' servant Calas, largely because of how accurate Courbet's depictions were. Even without the background knowledge, many things indicate the status of Calas. His clothes are shabbier than his companion's, and he defers to the figure in the middle with his head bowed.
It is widely known that in The Meeting, Gustave Courbet painted himself, his art dealer Alfred Buyas, and Buyas' servant Calas, largely because of how accurate Courbet's depictions were. Even without the background knowledge, many things indicate the status of Calas. His clothes are shabbier than his companion's, and he defers to the figure in the middle with his head bowed.
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Figure 1
Figure 2
The image in Figure 1 conveys __________
Figure 1
Figure 2
The image in Figure 1 conveys __________
The figure in The Desperate Man, a self portrait by Gustave Courbet, looks like he is about to leap out of the painting. His eyes are bulging, and he appears to pulling out his hair, all while wearing an ill-fitting shirt. All of this conveys an element of madness in the figure.
The figure in The Desperate Man, a self portrait by Gustave Courbet, looks like he is about to leap out of the painting. His eyes are bulging, and he appears to pulling out his hair, all while wearing an ill-fitting shirt. All of this conveys an element of madness in the figure.
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This work is from __________.
This work is from __________.
The Blue Boy, the portrait shown above, is a painting by the English artist Thomas Gainsborough. While the painting features clothing and artistic choices that were in vogue in the seventeenth century, particularly echoing the work of Anthony Van Dyck, Gainsborough's life and career were firmly in the eighteenth century. Gainsborough's brushwork and use of light more firmly show the style that was current in his own time.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (c. 1770)
The Blue Boy, the portrait shown above, is a painting by the English artist Thomas Gainsborough. While the painting features clothing and artistic choices that were in vogue in the seventeenth century, particularly echoing the work of Anthony Van Dyck, Gainsborough's life and career were firmly in the eighteenth century. Gainsborough's brushwork and use of light more firmly show the style that was current in his own time.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (c. 1770)
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Figure 3
Figure 4
The shape of the towel in Figure 4 indicates __________
Figure 3
Figure 4
The shape of the towel in Figure 4 indicates __________
While this painting is a still life, portraying a bowl of fruit, Paul Cezanne overturns the notion of what a still life is by displaying an element of movement. The messy fold in the towel on the table and the spilled fruit indicate something has upset the bowl. Cezanne would later take other approaches to redefining still life painting by incorporating objects such as skulls.
While this painting is a still life, portraying a bowl of fruit, Paul Cezanne overturns the notion of what a still life is by displaying an element of movement. The messy fold in the towel on the table and the spilled fruit indicate something has upset the bowl. Cezanne would later take other approaches to redefining still life painting by incorporating objects such as skulls.
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The image above by John Singer Sargent was painted for the exhibition known as __________.
The image above by John Singer Sargent was painted for the exhibition known as __________.
John Singer Sargent was an American-born painter who sought artistic success in late-nineteenth-century Paris. This painting, Portrait of Madame X, was presented at the 1884 Salon de Paris, the French art world's most important exhibition for new art to be judged. There, it caused a scandal thanks to the way it portrayed its subject and the fact that Sargent's attempt to keep the subject anonymous failed.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
John Singer Sargent was an American-born painter who sought artistic success in late-nineteenth-century Paris. This painting, Portrait of Madame X, was presented at the 1884 Salon de Paris, the French art world's most important exhibition for new art to be judged. There, it caused a scandal thanks to the way it portrayed its subject and the fact that Sargent's attempt to keep the subject anonymous failed.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
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The image presented above was controversial in its initial showing for all of the following reasons EXCEPT __________.
The image presented above was controversial in its initial showing for all of the following reasons EXCEPT __________.
In its first showing at the Paris Salon of 1884, John Singer Sargent called this painting Portrait de Mme *** to keep its subject anonymous, but she was easily recognizable as a Paris socialite with a scandalous life. Responding to certain criticisms, Sargent would later raise the shoulder strap on his subject's dress and call it Portrait of Madame X. The scandalous nature of the work, and Sargent seeing it as representative of his style, caused him to never work seriously as a painter in France again.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
In its first showing at the Paris Salon of 1884, John Singer Sargent called this painting Portrait de Mme *** to keep its subject anonymous, but she was easily recognizable as a Paris socialite with a scandalous life. Responding to certain criticisms, Sargent would later raise the shoulder strap on his subject's dress and call it Portrait of Madame X. The scandalous nature of the work, and Sargent seeing it as representative of his style, caused him to never work seriously as a painter in France again.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
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The image presented above was made due to a request by the artist John Singer Sargent to paint __________.
The image presented above was made due to a request by the artist John Singer Sargent to paint __________.
John Singer Sargent, an American artist struggling to have a career in Paris, requested to paint Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau for the Paris Salon of 1884, rather than being commissioned for a portrait. Virginie was married to the wealthy banker Pierre Gautreau and was a well known socialite in Paris, despite having been born in New Orleans. Madame Gautreau was so well-known in Parisian society that Sargent's attempt to make the portrait anonymous did not work, causing a scandal when it was displayed.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
John Singer Sargent, an American artist struggling to have a career in Paris, requested to paint Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau for the Paris Salon of 1884, rather than being commissioned for a portrait. Virginie was married to the wealthy banker Pierre Gautreau and was a well known socialite in Paris, despite having been born in New Orleans. Madame Gautreau was so well-known in Parisian society that Sargent's attempt to make the portrait anonymous did not work, causing a scandal when it was displayed.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
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The use of a black dress allowed the artist to highlight the subject's __________.
The use of a black dress allowed the artist to highlight the subject's __________.
John Singer Sargent painted his "Madame X," the socialite Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, in a black dress in a simple room with no accessories. The use of the black dress stands in stark contrast to the subject's pale skin, which also emphasizes just how much of the subject's skin Sargent is exposing by painting her in such a dress.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
John Singer Sargent painted his "Madame X," the socialite Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, in a black dress in a simple room with no accessories. The use of the black dress stands in stark contrast to the subject's pale skin, which also emphasizes just how much of the subject's skin Sargent is exposing by painting her in such a dress.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
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The portrait shown above is an example of the artistic style known as __________.
The portrait shown above is an example of the artistic style known as __________.
John Singer Sargent was in many ways out of step with his own time, as the late nineteenth and early twentieth century saw new movements such as Impressionism, Fauvism, Pointilism, and Cubism that wanted to capture moods and feelings rather than exact representations. Sargent was, at his best, a realist painter, which is exemplified in this painting, Portrait of Madame X, through Sargent's precise drawing of his subject, clean lines, and focus on his subject's classical positioning.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
John Singer Sargent was in many ways out of step with his own time, as the late nineteenth and early twentieth century saw new movements such as Impressionism, Fauvism, Pointilism, and Cubism that wanted to capture moods and feelings rather than exact representations. Sargent was, at his best, a realist painter, which is exemplified in this painting, Portrait of Madame X, through Sargent's precise drawing of his subject, clean lines, and focus on his subject's classical positioning.
Image: Portrait of Madame X by John Singer Sargent (1883-4)
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The darkened colors of the background are intended to __________.
The darkened colors of the background are intended to __________.
In this painting, The Blue Boy, Thomas Gainsborough intentionally contrasts the light and color used for his subject with those used for the background. The dark, warm colors featured in the landscape background allow for the bright blue clothing the subject is wearing to shine even brighter. Additionally, the focus of the light is almost entirely on the subject, rather than the background.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (1834-1835)
In this painting, The Blue Boy, Thomas Gainsborough intentionally contrasts the light and color used for his subject with those used for the background. The dark, warm colors featured in the landscape background allow for the bright blue clothing the subject is wearing to shine even brighter. Additionally, the focus of the light is almost entirely on the subject, rather than the background.
Figure: The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough (1834-1835)
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The work is by __________.
The work is by __________.
This painting, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, is by J. M. W. Turner and features many of the painter's stylistic hallmarks. The paint itself is vivid and applied in a way that creates a light, ethereal effect, and the general subject is nature's power over man. Turner's incredible speed while painting is also evident in his ability to capture such a chaotic situation.
Figure: The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons by J. M. W. Turner (1834-5)
This painting, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, is by J. M. W. Turner and features many of the painter's stylistic hallmarks. The paint itself is vivid and applied in a way that creates a light, ethereal effect, and the general subject is nature's power over man. Turner's incredible speed while painting is also evident in his ability to capture such a chaotic situation.
Figure: The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons by J. M. W. Turner (1834-5)
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