Renaissance to Contemporary Architecture - AP Art History
Card 0 of 224
The architecture of the Renaissance saw a resurgence of features from the architecture of which ancient civilization?
The architecture of the Renaissance saw a resurgence of features from the architecture of which ancient civilization?
Renaissance architecture made use of attributes of Ancient Roman architecture. Namely, Renaissance architects utilized Ancient Roman column types, such as Doric, Ionic, Tuscan, Composite, and Corinthian, often used decoratively rather than structurally.
Renaissance architecture made use of attributes of Ancient Roman architecture. Namely, Renaissance architects utilized Ancient Roman column types, such as Doric, Ionic, Tuscan, Composite, and Corinthian, often used decoratively rather than structurally.
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A _____________ is a wedge-shaped block used in the construction of an arch.
A _____________ is a wedge-shaped block used in the construction of an arch.
The "voussoir" is a wedge-shaped block that makes up a true arch.
The "voussoir" is a wedge-shaped block that makes up a true arch.
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Neoclassical architecture sought to revive the style of architecture prevalent in __________.
Neoclassical architecture sought to revive the style of architecture prevalent in __________.
Neoclassical art and architecture came about in Europe hand in hand with the philosophical era known as the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. Just as the Enlightenment reacted against Catholic Christianity and embraced reason over emotion, Neoclassical artists sought to go back to antiquity, to a "pre-Christian" era. Thus, Neoclassical architecture brought back the chief elements of Roman architecture, like columns, domes, and collonades.
Neoclassical art and architecture came about in Europe hand in hand with the philosophical era known as the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. Just as the Enlightenment reacted against Catholic Christianity and embraced reason over emotion, Neoclassical artists sought to go back to antiquity, to a "pre-Christian" era. Thus, Neoclassical architecture brought back the chief elements of Roman architecture, like columns, domes, and collonades.
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The particular innovation that allowed large-scale skyscrapers to be built was __________.
The particular innovation that allowed large-scale skyscrapers to be built was __________.
Until the late nineteenth century, buildings had serious vertical size restrictions due to the weight placed on them by bricks and other traditional materials. With the introduction of steel, an alloy of iron, new possibilities were available to builders. In particular, the use of steel-frame construction, which built a "sheet" around steel beams, allowed for buildings stretching taller than ten stories.
Until the late nineteenth century, buildings had serious vertical size restrictions due to the weight placed on them by bricks and other traditional materials. With the introduction of steel, an alloy of iron, new possibilities were available to builders. In particular, the use of steel-frame construction, which built a "sheet" around steel beams, allowed for buildings stretching taller than ten stories.
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The Washington Monument is a traditional memorial structure known as __________.
The Washington Monument is a traditional memorial structure known as __________.
The Washington Monument, in the center of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., is the world's largest memorial obelisk. Obelisks, four sided pillars that originated with the ancient Egyptians, have long been used in Western culture as memorial markers. The Washington Monument was conceived in the 1840s as more than just the obelisk, but ran into funding problems and was only completed in its simpler form in 1885.
The Washington Monument, in the center of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., is the world's largest memorial obelisk. Obelisks, four sided pillars that originated with the ancient Egyptians, have long been used in Western culture as memorial markers. The Washington Monument was conceived in the 1840s as more than just the obelisk, but ran into funding problems and was only completed in its simpler form in 1885.
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The Italian architect and theorist Palladio was instrumental in developing the architectural style known as __________.
The Italian architect and theorist Palladio was instrumental in developing the architectural style known as __________.
Palladio lived and worked around Venice in the mid-sixteenth century, constructing a series of large villas and important buildings. Much of Palladio's work harkened back to styles prominent in Ancient rome, as he created buildings with lots of columns, large colonnades, and domes. His influential architectural textbook, The Four Books of Architecture, helped spread these ideas in the architectural movement known as neo-classicalism.
Palladio lived and worked around Venice in the mid-sixteenth century, constructing a series of large villas and important buildings. Much of Palladio's work harkened back to styles prominent in Ancient rome, as he created buildings with lots of columns, large colonnades, and domes. His influential architectural textbook, The Four Books of Architecture, helped spread these ideas in the architectural movement known as neo-classicalism.
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Who was the Renaissance architect whose guidebook and personal neoclassical style was widely influential during the Enlightenment?
Who was the Renaissance architect whose guidebook and personal neoclassical style was widely influential during the Enlightenment?
The Italian architect Andrea Palladio was well known for his own buildings in his native Venice, but gained greater fame for the work of architectural theory he composed in 1570, The Four Books of Architecture. Drawing on Greek and Roman influences, Palladio called for symmetry, domes, columns, and grand spaces. Each of these elements would become hallmarks of neoclassical architecture during the eighteenth century.
The Italian architect Andrea Palladio was well known for his own buildings in his native Venice, but gained greater fame for the work of architectural theory he composed in 1570, The Four Books of Architecture. Drawing on Greek and Roman influences, Palladio called for symmetry, domes, columns, and grand spaces. Each of these elements would become hallmarks of neoclassical architecture during the eighteenth century.
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A key difference between churches built after the Protestant Reformation and those before the Protestant Reformation in Protestant areas is that __________.
A key difference between churches built after the Protestant Reformation and those before the Protestant Reformation in Protestant areas is that __________.
Protestant theology greatly changed church architecture in Northern Europe after the sixteenth century. Catholic churches, even for the tiniest, poorest parishes, featured ornate statuary and imagery before the Reformation. The Protestant-built churches, by contrast, were much less ornate, featuring fewer images, with altars creating less of a barrier between clergy and congregants.
Protestant theology greatly changed church architecture in Northern Europe after the sixteenth century. Catholic churches, even for the tiniest, poorest parishes, featured ornate statuary and imagery before the Reformation. The Protestant-built churches, by contrast, were much less ornate, featuring fewer images, with altars creating less of a barrier between clergy and congregants.
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In an arch, the central piece of masonry that allows all the pressure to be placed throughout the arch is called __________.
In an arch, the central piece of masonry that allows all the pressure to be placed throughout the arch is called __________.
An arch is able to remain in its appropriate position because of the way that pressure is placed throughout the entire arch. Pressure can only be appropriately distributed because of the placement of the keystone. The keystone is the central stone in an arch, which is shaped in order to push the weight down through every piece of stone.
An arch is able to remain in its appropriate position because of the way that pressure is placed throughout the entire arch. Pressure can only be appropriately distributed because of the placement of the keystone. The keystone is the central stone in an arch, which is shaped in order to push the weight down through every piece of stone.
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What technological discovery (or rediscovery) was necessary for the completion of the dome atop Florence's Il Duomo in 1436?
What technological discovery (or rediscovery) was necessary for the completion of the dome atop Florence's Il Duomo in 1436?
The rediscovery of concrete was the key to completing the dome atop Il Duomo. Filippo Brunelleschi found the lost recipe for concrete, a recipe that was lost in the Middle Ages; prior to the Middle Ages, concrete was used often by the Ancient Romans.
The rediscovery of concrete was the key to completing the dome atop Il Duomo. Filippo Brunelleschi found the lost recipe for concrete, a recipe that was lost in the Middle Ages; prior to the Middle Ages, concrete was used often by the Ancient Romans.
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The Baroque artistic and architectural movement was superseded by a movement that developed in the early eighteenth century in Paris. What was the name of this movement?
The Baroque artistic and architectural movement was superseded by a movement that developed in the early eighteenth century in Paris. What was the name of this movement?
The Baroque movement was superseded by the artistic and architectural movement Rococo in the eighteenth century. Rococo was a deviation from the grandeur and strict symmetry of the Baroque movement, which dominated western and central Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Some describe Rococo as delicate and intricate.
The Baroque movement was superseded by the artistic and architectural movement Rococo in the eighteenth century. Rococo was a deviation from the grandeur and strict symmetry of the Baroque movement, which dominated western and central Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Some describe Rococo as delicate and intricate.
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The neoclassical artistic movement of the eighteenth through the twenty-first centuries was inspired by which ancient civilization or civilizations?
The neoclassical artistic movement of the eighteenth through the twenty-first centuries was inspired by which ancient civilization or civilizations?
Neoclassicism was inspired by both ancient Greek and ancient Roman civilizations. This can be seen in its use of columns and other characteristics commonly associated with Greek and Roman art and architecture. Neoclassical sculptures also greatly resemble ancient Greek and ancient Roman sculptures.
Neoclassicism was inspired by both ancient Greek and ancient Roman civilizations. This can be seen in its use of columns and other characteristics commonly associated with Greek and Roman art and architecture. Neoclassical sculptures also greatly resemble ancient Greek and ancient Roman sculptures.
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![Monticello_2010-10-29.jpg]()
The building shown here was located __________________.
The building shown here was located __________________.
The main building of Monticello, pictured here, sat in the middle of Thomas Jefferson's plantation. As such, it was both a grand house and the administrative center for the plantation, which housed and worked hundreds of slaves in various agricultural projects. The building's remote location from other settlements was key to its size and situation in its surroundings.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
The main building of Monticello, pictured here, sat in the middle of Thomas Jefferson's plantation. As such, it was both a grand house and the administrative center for the plantation, which housed and worked hundreds of slaves in various agricultural projects. The building's remote location from other settlements was key to its size and situation in its surroundings.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
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The English architect responsible for rebuilding many churches after the great London fire of 1666, including St. Paul's Cathedral, is __________.
The English architect responsible for rebuilding many churches after the great London fire of 1666, including St. Paul's Cathedral, is __________.
The Great London Fire of 1666 destroyed many of the buildings in the city, including the original St. Paul's Cathedral, and necessitated massive architectural projects. The largest beneficiary of this was Sir Christopher Wren, a mathematician as well as an architect, who created over fifty churches and rebuilt St. Paul's. Wren's legacy found its way throughout baroque architecture, and his St. Paul's design influenced the Pantheon in Paris, the U.S. Capitol, and many other buildings.
The Great London Fire of 1666 destroyed many of the buildings in the city, including the original St. Paul's Cathedral, and necessitated massive architectural projects. The largest beneficiary of this was Sir Christopher Wren, a mathematician as well as an architect, who created over fifty churches and rebuilt St. Paul's. Wren's legacy found its way throughout baroque architecture, and his St. Paul's design influenced the Pantheon in Paris, the U.S. Capitol, and many other buildings.
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The architect who created this plan began his career as __________.
The architect who created this plan began his career as __________.
When Inigo Jones, who created this plan of a new Palace at Whitehall in 1638, first became an architect, the field was only newly springing up as a separate artistic discipline. There was no training in architecture or building design, and many seventeenth-century architects were self-taught artisans who came from related fields. Jones began as a stage designer, where he built sets and costumes for shows at the English court, and was typical of his era of architects for starting off in an artistic field that required knowledge of structures and fabrication.
Image: Plan for A New Palace at Whitehall by Inigo Jones (1638). http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ingo\_Jones\_plan\_for\_a\_new\_palace\_at\_Whitehall\_1638.jpg
When Inigo Jones, who created this plan of a new Palace at Whitehall in 1638, first became an architect, the field was only newly springing up as a separate artistic discipline. There was no training in architecture or building design, and many seventeenth-century architects were self-taught artisans who came from related fields. Jones began as a stage designer, where he built sets and costumes for shows at the English court, and was typical of his era of architects for starting off in an artistic field that required knowledge of structures and fabrication.
Image: Plan for A New Palace at Whitehall by Inigo Jones (1638). http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ingo\_Jones\_plan\_for\_a\_new\_palace\_at\_Whitehall\_1638.jpg
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"Federal style" architecture is most closely associated with which European architectural style?
"Federal style" architecture is most closely associated with which European architectural style?
The Federal style of architecture refers to the buildings designed and constructed in the first few decades of the United States' independence, roughly 1785 to 1815. The Federal style was closely related to the "Regency style" in Britain, which took place under the Regency of the Prince of Wales (later King George IV) during 1811 to 1820. Both styles were developments of Neoclassicism, which borrowed elements from Roman architecture like columns, domes, and white marble.
The Federal style of architecture refers to the buildings designed and constructed in the first few decades of the United States' independence, roughly 1785 to 1815. The Federal style was closely related to the "Regency style" in Britain, which took place under the Regency of the Prince of Wales (later King George IV) during 1811 to 1820. Both styles were developments of Neoclassicism, which borrowed elements from Roman architecture like columns, domes, and white marble.
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Which eighteenth-through-twenty-first-century Western architectural movement drew inspiration from Roman and Greek art and culture and coincided with the eighteenth-century Age of Enlightenment?
Which eighteenth-through-twenty-first-century Western architectural movement drew inspiration from Roman and Greek art and culture and coincided with the eighteenth-century Age of Enlightenment?
The term neoclassicism can be broken down into two parts: "Neo" and "Classic." This refers to the fact that is a new ("neo") interpretation of classic architectural and artistic concepts pioneered by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Art Deco and Art Nouveau are movements firmly planted in the twentieth century, and Mannerism and the Renaissance are much too far in the past to even be considered for a question that is about an eighteenth-through-twenty-first-century artistic movement.
The term neoclassicism can be broken down into two parts: "Neo" and "Classic." This refers to the fact that is a new ("neo") interpretation of classic architectural and artistic concepts pioneered by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Art Deco and Art Nouveau are movements firmly planted in the twentieth century, and Mannerism and the Renaissance are much too far in the past to even be considered for a question that is about an eighteenth-through-twenty-first-century artistic movement.
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By the end of the 18th century, the Rococo artistic and architectural style had been replaced by which successor, whose inspiration seemed to stem from certain Ancient civilizations?
By the end of the 18th century, the Rococo artistic and architectural style had been replaced by which successor, whose inspiration seemed to stem from certain Ancient civilizations?
The Rococo artistic and architectural movement and style, also known as "Late Baroque," surged in the late 18th century as a more intricate, delicate, light and asymmetrical approach to architecture than the Baroque style that came before it. Neoclassicism, which came as a direct opposition to Rococo, had replaced the asymmetrical, graceful architecture and art of the Rococo with its own focus on symmetry and simplicity by the end of the 18th century.
The Rococo artistic and architectural movement and style, also known as "Late Baroque," surged in the late 18th century as a more intricate, delicate, light and asymmetrical approach to architecture than the Baroque style that came before it. Neoclassicism, which came as a direct opposition to Rococo, had replaced the asymmetrical, graceful architecture and art of the Rococo with its own focus on symmetry and simplicity by the end of the 18th century.
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![Monticello_2010-10-29.jpg]()
The building pictured above was located in _______________.
The building pictured above was located in _______________.
The building pictured in the drawing is Monticello, Thomas Jefferson's home in then rural Virginia, which he began building in the late eighteenth century. The location of Monticello is at the top of a hill, on the relative frontier of the continent, making it a building challenge. Nonetheless, Jefferson largely succeeded at building a European inspired grand home that still fit into the American landscape.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
The building pictured in the drawing is Monticello, Thomas Jefferson's home in then rural Virginia, which he began building in the late eighteenth century. The location of Monticello is at the top of a hill, on the relative frontier of the continent, making it a building challenge. Nonetheless, Jefferson largely succeeded at building a European inspired grand home that still fit into the American landscape.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
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![Monticello_2010-10-29.jpg]()
The building shown here was significantly influenced by the work of ______________________.
The building shown here was significantly influenced by the work of ______________________.
Thomas Jefferson was the principal designer, architect, and builder of Monticello, but his plans and designs were heavily influenced by the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. Palladio not only built a number of impressive works of his own, but also wrote an influential treatise on architecture, The Four Books of Architecture. Jefferson was self-taught as an architect, largely from the writings of Palladio.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
Thomas Jefferson was the principal designer, architect, and builder of Monticello, but his plans and designs were heavily influenced by the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. Palladio not only built a number of impressive works of his own, but also wrote an influential treatise on architecture, The Four Books of Architecture. Jefferson was self-taught as an architect, largely from the writings of Palladio.
Image accessed through Wikipedia Media Commons. Author: YF12. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monticello\_2010-10-29.jpg
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