What this deck covers
This deck focuses on Membrane Permeability, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Biology.
AP Biology Flashcards: Membrane Permeability
Study Membrane Permeability in AP Biology with focused flashcards that help you recognize the idea, recall the key rule, and apply it in practice-style prompts.
AP Biology
Membrane Permeability
0 mastered0 still learning
0% Complete
01
QUESTION
1/ 77
Identify the effect of a hypertonic solution on animal cells.
Tap card or press Space to flip
01
ANSWER
Cells may shrink and crenate. Water leaves cells causing them to lose volume and wrinkle.
How well did you know it?
Got it!
Still Learning
Card 1 / 77
Space to flip · ← / → to move · once flipped, → Got it · ← Still learning
How to use these flashcards
Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.
All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify the effect of a hypertonic solution on animal cells.
Answer: Cells may shrink and crenate. Water leaves cells causing them to lose volume and wrinkle.
Flashcard 2: Identify a type of passive transport.
Answer: Diffusion. Movement down concentration gradients without energy input.
Flashcard 3: What kind of molecules require facilitated diffusion?
Answer: Large or polar molecules. Size or polarity prevents direct passage through the lipid bilayer.
Flashcard 4: Why do ions require transport proteins to cross membranes?
Answer: Ions are charged and cannot pass the lipid bilayer. Hydrophobic lipid bilayer repels charged particles like ions.
Flashcard 5: What is the effect of high cholesterol levels on membrane fluidity?
Answer: Decrease fluidity at high temperatures. Cholesterol prevents excessive fluidity by restricting lipid movement.
Flashcard 6: What is the main role of transport proteins in cell membranes?
Answer: Facilitate movement of substances across membranes. Enable passage of substances that cannot cross lipid bilayer alone.
Flashcard 7: What is the effect of hypotonic solution on animal cells?
Answer: Cells may swell and burst. Water enters cells causing them to expand beyond capacity.
Flashcard 8: What is the function of anchor proteins in the membrane?
Answer: Stabilize cell structure by linking to cytoskeleton. Connect membrane to internal cellular framework for structural support.
Flashcard 9: What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Answer: Maintain fluidity and stability of the membrane. Cholesterol modulates fluidity - reduces at high temps, increases at low temps.
Flashcard 10: Which protein is involved in active transport?
Answer: Pump protein. These proteins use ATP to move substances against gradients.
Flashcard 11: Identify an example of passive transport.
Answer: Osmosis. Water movement is a classic example of passive transport.
Flashcard 12: Identify the effect of a hypertonic solution on animal cells.
Answer: Cells may shrink and crenate. Water leaves cells causing them to lose volume and wrinkle.
Flashcard 13: Which molecules are typically involved in cell signaling?
Answer: Proteins and lipids. These molecules form signaling pathways for cellular communication.
Flashcard 14: Identify a type of passive transport.
Answer: Diffusion. Movement down concentration gradients without energy input.
Flashcard 15: What is the effect of high cholesterol levels on membrane fluidity?
Answer: Decrease fluidity at high temperatures. Cholesterol prevents excessive fluidity by restricting lipid movement.
Flashcard 16: Identify an example of active transport.
Answer: Sodium-potassium pump. Uses ATP to maintain electrochemical gradients across membranes.
Flashcard 17: Identify an example of active transport.
Answer: Sodium-potassium pump. Uses ATP to maintain electrochemical gradients across membranes.
Flashcard 18: Identify the effect of isotonic solution on cell volume.
Answer: No change in cell volume. Equal solute concentrations inside and outside maintain equilibrium.
Flashcard 19: What is the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on membrane fluidity?
Answer: Increase fluidity. Double bonds create kinks that prevent tight packing of lipids.
Flashcard 20: Describe how endocytosis occurs.
Answer: Cell membrane engulfs material forming a vesicle. Membrane surrounds and internalizes external material.
Flashcard 21: What is the primary function of receptor proteins in membranes?
Answer: Receive and transmit signals. Detect and respond to chemical signals from environment.
Flashcard 22: What is exocytosis?
Answer: Release of substances from a cell via vesicles. Vesicles fuse with membrane to release contents outside cell.
Flashcard 23: Which component forms the bilayer of cell membranes?
Answer: Phospholipids. Phospholipids arrange with hydrophobic tails inward, hydrophilic heads outward.
Flashcard 24: Identify the primary driving force of diffusion.
Answer: Concentration gradient. Difference in concentration provides the energy for molecular movement.
Flashcard 25: What is the function of membrane proteins?
Answer: Transport, signaling, attachment, and enzymatic activity. Membrane proteins perform diverse roles essential for cell function.
Flashcard 26: What type of transport requires energy from ATP?
Answer: Active transport. Moving substances against their concentration gradient requires energy input.
Flashcard 27: What is exocytosis?
Answer: Release of substances from a cell via vesicles. Vesicles fuse with membrane to release contents outside cell.
Flashcard 28: Which term describes the movement of water across a membrane?
Answer: Osmosis. Water moves down its concentration gradient across semipermeable membranes.
Flashcard 29: What is the effect of hypotonic solution on animal cells?
Answer: Cells may swell and burst. Water enters cells causing them to expand beyond capacity.
Flashcard 30: What is the effect of a hypertonic solution on plant cells?
Answer: Cells may plasmolyze. Water leaves cells causing them to shrink away from cell walls.
Flashcard 31: What is the function of membrane proteins?
Answer: Transport, signaling, attachment, and enzymatic activity. Membrane proteins perform diverse roles essential for cell function.
Flashcard 32: Describe how endocytosis occurs.
Answer: Cell membrane engulfs material forming a vesicle. Membrane surrounds and internalizes external material.
Flashcard 33: How do temperature changes affect phospholipid movement in membranes?
Answer: Higher temperatures increase movement. Kinetic energy increases with temperature, enhancing molecular motion.
Flashcard 34: What is pinocytosis?
Answer: Cell drinking; uptake of liquid into vesicles. Nonspecific uptake of extracellular fluid and dissolved substances.
Flashcard 35: Which protein is involved in active transport?
Answer: Pump protein. These proteins use ATP to move substances against gradients.
Flashcard 36: Why do ions require transport proteins to cross membranes?
Answer: Ions are charged and cannot pass the lipid bilayer. Hydrophobic lipid bilayer repels charged particles like ions.
Flashcard 37: Which type of transport uses vesicles to move substances?
Answer: Endocytosis and exocytosis. Membrane-bound vesicles transport large or bulk materials.
Flashcard 38: Which molecules are typically involved in cell signaling?
Answer: Proteins and lipids. These molecules form signaling pathways for cellular communication.
Flashcard 39: What is the role of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?
Answer: Cell recognition and signaling. Carbohydrate-protein complexes function as cellular identification tags.
Flashcard 40: State the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.
Answer: Describes the membrane as a fluid structure with proteins embedded. Explains membrane structure as dynamic with mobile protein components.
Flashcard 41: What is the effect of a hypertonic solution on plant cells?
Answer: Cells may plasmolyze. Water leaves cells causing them to shrink away from cell walls.
Flashcard 42: Identify the direction of solute movement in passive transport.
Answer: From high to low concentration. Passive transport follows concentration gradients without energy.
Flashcard 43: How do temperature changes affect phospholipid movement in membranes?
Answer: Higher temperatures increase movement. Kinetic energy increases with temperature, enhancing molecular motion.
Flashcard 44: Which molecules easily pass through the cell membrane?
Answer: Small nonpolar molecules like O2 and CO2. Their small size and nonpolar nature allow direct passage through lipids.
Flashcard 45: What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Answer: Maintain fluidity and stability of the membrane. Cholesterol modulates fluidity - reduces at high temps, increases at low temps.
Flashcard 46: What distinguishes simple diffusion from facilitated diffusion?
Answer: Facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins. Simple diffusion occurs directly through lipids without proteins.
Flashcard 47: Which component forms the bilayer of cell membranes?
Answer: Phospholipids. Phospholipids arrange with hydrophobic tails inward, hydrophilic heads outward.
Flashcard 48: What is facilitated diffusion?
Answer: Passive transport via specific proteins. Uses channel or carrier proteins but no energy input required.
Flashcard 49: What is the main role of transport proteins in cell membranes?
Answer: Facilitate movement of substances across membranes. Enable passage of substances that cannot cross lipid bilayer alone.
Flashcard 50: Identify a factor that increases membrane permeability.
Answer: Higher temperatures. Heat increases molecular motion and membrane fluidity.
Flashcard 51: How do carrier proteins function in facilitated diffusion?
Answer: Bind and transport specific molecules across membranes. Change shape to move specific molecules across the membrane.
Flashcard 52: What is the main function of aquaporins?
Answer: Facilitate water transport across membranes. Channel proteins specifically designed for rapid water movement.
Flashcard 53: What type of transport requires energy from ATP?
Answer: Active transport. Moving substances against their concentration gradient requires energy input.
Flashcard 54: What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Answer: Regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The membrane acts as a selective barrier controlling what enters and exits.
Flashcard 55: How does temperature affect membrane permeability?
Answer: Higher temperatures increase permeability. Heat increases molecular motion, making membranes more permeable.
Flashcard 56: Identify the effect of isotonic solution on cell volume.
Answer: No change in cell volume. Equal solute concentrations inside and outside maintain equilibrium.
Flashcard 57: Identify an example of passive transport.
Answer: Osmosis. Water movement is a classic example of passive transport.
Flashcard 58: State the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane.
Answer: Describes the membrane as a fluid structure with proteins embedded. Explains membrane structure as dynamic with mobile protein components.
Flashcard 59: What is the primary function of receptor proteins in membranes?
Answer: Receive and transmit signals. Detect and respond to chemical signals from environment.
Flashcard 60: Identify the direction of solute movement in passive transport.
Answer: From high to low concentration. Passive transport follows concentration gradients without energy.
Flashcard 61: What is the role of glycoproteins in the cell membrane?
Answer: Cell recognition and signaling. Carbohydrate-protein complexes function as cellular identification tags.
Flashcard 62: Identify a factor that increases membrane permeability.
Answer: Higher temperatures. Heat increases molecular motion and membrane fluidity.
Flashcard 63: What is the role of carbohydrates on the cell membrane?
Answer: Cell recognition and communication. Sugar chains on proteins and lipids serve as identification markers.
Flashcard 64: What is the main function of aquaporins?
Answer: Facilitate water transport across membranes. Channel proteins specifically designed for rapid water movement.
Flashcard 65: What is the role of carbohydrates on the cell membrane?
Answer: Cell recognition and communication. Sugar chains on proteins and lipids serve as identification markers.
Flashcard 66: How does temperature affect membrane permeability?
Answer: Higher temperatures increase permeability. Heat increases molecular motion, making membranes more permeable.
Flashcard 67: Identify the primary driving force of diffusion.
Answer: Concentration gradient. Difference in concentration provides the energy for molecular movement.
Flashcard 68: Which type of transport uses vesicles to move substances?
Answer: Endocytosis and exocytosis. Membrane-bound vesicles transport large or bulk materials.
Flashcard 69: What is the function of anchor proteins in the membrane?
Answer: Stabilize cell structure by linking to cytoskeleton. Connect membrane to internal cellular framework for structural support.
Flashcard 70: Identify the main components of the cell membrane.
Answer: Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates. These four components work together to form the membrane structure.
Flashcard 71: What is the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on membrane fluidity?
Answer: Increase fluidity. Double bonds create kinks that prevent tight packing of lipids.
Flashcard 72: Which term describes the movement of water across a membrane?
Answer: Osmosis. Water moves down its concentration gradient across semipermeable membranes.
Flashcard 73: What kind of molecules require facilitated diffusion?
Answer: Large or polar molecules. Size or polarity prevents direct passage through the lipid bilayer.
Flashcard 74: Which molecules easily pass through the cell membrane?
Answer: Small nonpolar molecules like O2 and CO2. Their small size and nonpolar nature allow direct passage through lipids.
Flashcard 75: What distinguishes simple diffusion from facilitated diffusion?
Answer: Facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins. Simple diffusion occurs directly through lipids without proteins.
Flashcard 76: Identify the main components of the cell membrane.
Answer: Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates. These four components work together to form the membrane structure.
Flashcard 77: How do carrier proteins function in facilitated diffusion?
Answer: Bind and transport specific molecules across membranes. Change shape to move specific molecules across the membrane.