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Which of the following structures is found only in the peripheral nervous system?
The central nervous system houses the brain and spinal cord only. The peripheral nervous system refers to all other nervous structures in the body.
Free nerve endings are usually located just under the skin, and respond to pain and large changes in temperature, making them part of the peripheral nervous system.
Oligodendrocytes, white matter, and gray matter are only found in the central nervous system. Interneurons are most commonly found in the spinal cord, but can be found in either the peripheral or central nervous system.
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Which division of the nervous system only innervates skeletal muscle?
The nervous system has two principle divisions for function and two principle divisions for structure. Structurally, there are the central and peripheral nervous system divisions. Functionally, there are the somatic and autonomic divisions.
The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary actions, namely the innervation of skeletal muscle. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for all involuntary actions, including smooth muscle contraction, glandular stimulation, and other functions.
The peripheral nervous system carries both somatic and autonomic signals, innervating the entire periphery (not just skeletal muscle). The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system are both autonomic. Though they innervate some skeletal muscles, they also play keys roles in other bodily functions, such as heart rate and blood pressure regulation.
The somatic nervous system is the only division to only innervate skeletal muscle.
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Somatic motor neurons are found in which section of the spinal cord?
The nervous system has two principle divisions for function and two principle divisions for structure. Structurally, there are the central and peripheral nervous system divisions. Functionally, there are the somatic and autonomic divisions.
The spinal cord is found in the central nervous system, and is structurally divided into afferent sensory neurons and efferent motor neurons. Sensory neuron cell bodies are found in the dorsal root ganglion, while somatic motor neurons are found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
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A sensory/receptor cell in the somatic nervous system would likely come from an __________, while a sensory/receptor cell in the autonomic nervous system would likely come from a(n) __________.
The somatic nervous system is responsible for chiefly voluntary, conscious behavior, such as choosing a reaction to external stimuli sensed by one of the traditional five senses. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary bodily function, and can respond to sensations such as gas concentrations in the blood, changes in blood pressure, and slight deviations in body temperature, among many others.
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Nervous tissue contains multiple support cells for neurons. These support cells are collectively referred to as neuroglia.
Which of the following is the support cell that myelinates axons in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells are responsible for the myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system.
Oligodendrocytes also myelinate axons, but they are found in the central nervous system. Astrocytes and satellite cells help support neurons, but do not contribute myelin to axons.
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Which of the following lists only structures that are part of the central nervous system?
The components of the central nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord only. The remaining structures of the nervous system belong to the peripheral nervous system. The hemispheres of the brain and the spinal cord are part of the central nervous system. The hippocampus, cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex are structures within the brain. The hippocampus is responsible for memory storage and the cerebellum is associated with balance and coordination. The cerebrum is responsible for processing information and higher thought. These structures are also part of the central nervous system.
The cranial nerves attach directly to the spinal cord, but branch out into the periphery. They are not considered part of the central nervous system. The adrenal glands and parathyroid glands are part of the endocrine system. Though they can respond to stimulation from the nervous system, they cannot be classified as part of the peripheral or central nervous system.
The thymus is an endrocrine gland located above the heart and is not part of the nervous system.
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Which of these is not found in the central nervous system?
Though the pineal gland is found within the skull, it is not composed of nervous tissue and is not considered part of the central nervous system. Instead, it is an endocrine organ that interacts with the nervous tissue of the brain that surrounds it.
The thalamus and cerebellum are both structures of the brain, and are thus part of the central nervous system. Microglia function as macrophages in the central nervous system to prevent infection within the blood-brain barrier.
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The parasympathetic nervous system is a subdivision of which branch of the nervous system?
There are two major criteria that can be used to define nervous system categorizations. The first is location in the body. The central nervous system consists only of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system extends throughout the rest of the body. The central nervous system is enclosed by the blood-brain barrier, separating it from the rest of the body. The second classifier is mechanism of control. Some nervous pathways can be controlled voluntarily (somatic), while others are involuntary (autonomic).
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are both peripheral autonomic pathways.
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The brain and spinal cord belong to what division of the nervous system?
The central nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord.
All of the other answer choices are divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS is divided into the autonomic (involuntary) and somatic (voluntary) divisions, and the autonomic divison is further divided into sympathetic ("fight-or-flight" response) and parasympathetic ("rest-and-digest" response) portions.
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When stimulated, the vagus nerve slows down heart rate. We can assume that the vagus nerve is classified under which branch of the nervous system?
Neuroglia are the support cells of the nervous system, and do not conduct action potentials. The central nervous system is composed of only the brain and spinal cord; not nerves. The somatic system controls voluntary movements, so heart rate would not be under its control. The sympathetic nervous system is commonly assigned the "fight or flight" responses, while the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "resting and digesting." Since the body is returning to a rested state by lowering heart rate, we would assign this action to the parasympathetic nervous system.
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The __________ nervous system will __________ the body's heart rate by releasing acetylcholine.
The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" responses. The sympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, performs the "fight or flight" responses. This question, however, really hinges on knowing the effect of acetylcholine on cardiac muscle. The release of acetylcholine slows the heart rate.
Parasympathetic neurons will only use acetylcholine. Sympathetic neurons signal each other with acetylcholine (preganglionic neurons), but elicit their effects by releasing norepinephrine on their target cells (postganglionic neurons). The effect of norepinephrine on the heart would increase heart rate.
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Which division of the nervous system increases digestive and urinary activity?
The nervous system has two principle divisions for function and two principle divisions for structure. Structurally, there are the central and peripheral nervous system divisions. Functionally, there are the somatic and autonomic divisions. Within the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary actions, namely the innervation of skeletal muscle. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for all involuntary actions, including smooth muscle contraction, glandular stimulation, and other functions. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" actions of involuntary organs, increasing digestive and excretory activity. In contrast, the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, suppressing these activities and stimulating epinephrine release.
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Which of the following is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system?
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for regulating the body's "fight-or-flight" response. Physiological changes produced by the sympathetic nervous system include accelerated heartbeat, dilated bronchi and pupils, glucose breakdown, and inhibited digestion. As a result, when the sympathetic nervous system is active, digestion and its associated involuntary contractions are inhibited—not stimulated.
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Upon being approached by a bear in the wilderness, you notice your heart beat faster. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for this feeling?
The sympathetic nervous system is one branch of the autonomic nervous system in the body. The autonomic nervous system is not under conscious control. The sympathetic system is responsible for our "fight or flight" response. An increase in heart rate when presented with the dangers of being around a bear is due to the sympathetic nervous system. The increase in heart rate is your body's way of increasing blood supply to the body to help you escape ("flight") from the bear and return to safety.
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Fight or flight is a decision that all animals must make when confronted with a threat. Regardless of which one, an animal chooses, it will activate the sympathetic nervous system, instead of the parasympathetic nervous system. Which of the the following answers contain actions that will happen in a fight or flight situation?
"Dilated pupils, accelerated heart rate, relaxed bladder" is the correct answer here because it is the only choice is entirely comprised of sympathetic nervous system actions. Some red herrings in the other answers is the fact that constricted pupils is a parasympathetic action, as is stimulation of the salivary gland.
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Which division of the nervous system only innervates skeletal muscle?
The nervous system has two principle divisions for function and two principle divisions for structure. Structurally, there are the central and peripheral nervous system divisions. Functionally, there are the somatic and autonomic divisions.
The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary actions, namely the innervation of skeletal muscle. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for all involuntary actions, including smooth muscle contraction, glandular stimulation, and other functions.
The peripheral nervous system carries both somatic and autonomic signals, innervating the entire periphery (not just skeletal muscle). The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system are both autonomic. Though they innervate some skeletal muscles, they also play keys roles in other bodily functions, such as heart rate and blood pressure regulation.
The somatic nervous system is the only division to only innervate skeletal muscle.
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Somatic motor neurons are found in which section of the spinal cord?
The nervous system has two principle divisions for function and two principle divisions for structure. Structurally, there are the central and peripheral nervous system divisions. Functionally, there are the somatic and autonomic divisions.
The spinal cord is found in the central nervous system, and is structurally divided into afferent sensory neurons and efferent motor neurons. Sensory neuron cell bodies are found in the dorsal root ganglion, while somatic motor neurons are found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
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A sensory/receptor cell in the somatic nervous system would likely come from an __________, while a sensory/receptor cell in the autonomic nervous system would likely come from a(n) __________.
The somatic nervous system is responsible for chiefly voluntary, conscious behavior, such as choosing a reaction to external stimuli sensed by one of the traditional five senses. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary bodily function, and can respond to sensations such as gas concentrations in the blood, changes in blood pressure, and slight deviations in body temperature, among many others.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Nervous tissue contains multiple support cells for neurons. These support cells are collectively referred to as neuroglia.
Which of the following is the support cell that myelinates axons in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells are responsible for the myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system.
Oligodendrocytes also myelinate axons, but they are found in the central nervous system. Astrocytes and satellite cells help support neurons, but do not contribute myelin to axons.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following structures is found only in the peripheral nervous system?
The central nervous system houses the brain and spinal cord only. The peripheral nervous system refers to all other nervous structures in the body.
Free nerve endings are usually located just under the skin, and respond to pain and large changes in temperature, making them part of the peripheral nervous system.
Oligodendrocytes, white matter, and gray matter are only found in the central nervous system. Interneurons are most commonly found in the spinal cord, but can be found in either the peripheral or central nervous system.
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