AP Biology › Circulatory Anatomy
Larger arteries have less smooth muscle per volume when compared to smaller arteries (also called arterioles). What would you expect as a result of this distinction?
Arterioles are able to regulate blood pressure more efficiently than large arteries.
Smaller arteries have more muscle tone, and are able to tolerate more pressure than large arteries.
The smooth muscle is responsible for keeping the arterioles constricted at all times.
Capillaries will have an even larger amount of smooth muscle per volume, because they are even smaller than arterioles.
Smooth muscle is typically innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. Because arterioles have more smooth muscle per volume, they are able to respond to sympathetic innervation more efficiently than larger arteries. As a result, the smaller arteries are used to regulate blood pressure as well as reroute blood direction by adjusting arteriole diameter accordingly.
Larger arteries have less smooth muscle per volume when compared to smaller arteries (also called arterioles). What would you expect as a result of this distinction?
Arterioles are able to regulate blood pressure more efficiently than large arteries.
Smaller arteries have more muscle tone, and are able to tolerate more pressure than large arteries.
The smooth muscle is responsible for keeping the arterioles constricted at all times.
Capillaries will have an even larger amount of smooth muscle per volume, because they are even smaller than arterioles.
Smooth muscle is typically innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. Because arterioles have more smooth muscle per volume, they are able to respond to sympathetic innervation more efficiently than larger arteries. As a result, the smaller arteries are used to regulate blood pressure as well as reroute blood direction by adjusting arteriole diameter accordingly.
Which of the following statements about adult human heart anatomy are false?
The right ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into the pulmonary circulation
The left atrium sends oxygen-rich blood to the left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into the systemic circulation
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary circulation
The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the systemic circulation
The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood into the pulmonary circulation, not oxygen-rich blood. This blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery and reaches the lungs. All other answer choices are true statements.
Which of the following statements about adult human heart anatomy are false?
The right ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into the pulmonary circulation
The left atrium sends oxygen-rich blood to the left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into the systemic circulation
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary circulation
The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the systemic circulation
The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood into the pulmonary circulation, not oxygen-rich blood. This blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery and reaches the lungs. All other answer choices are true statements.
Which of the following vessels transports blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Veins carry blood to the heart, while arteries carry blood away from the heart. The pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood. It is important to remember not to confuse these veins with the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the systemic circuit for circulation throughout the body. The superior and inferior vena cavae return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit back to the heart.
Which of the following vessels transports blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Veins carry blood to the heart, while arteries carry blood away from the heart. The pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood. It is important to remember not to confuse these veins with the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the systemic circuit for circulation throughout the body. The superior and inferior vena cavae return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit back to the heart.
Blood pumped out of the heart circulates the body and returns to the heart. Which vessel connects directly to the right atrium?
Superior and inferior vena cavae
Carotid artery
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Aorta
The right atrium receives blood that is returning to the heart from the body. The vena cavae are responsible for collecting the blood from the rest of the body and depositing it in this heart chamber. The superior vena cava collects blood from the head and upper extremities, while the inferior vena cava collects blood from the lower trunk and lower extremities.
The aorta is the artery that exits the left ventricle to deliver blood back to the body's tissues. The carotid artery carries blood to the head; the left branch is derived from the aorta, while the right branch is derived from the brachiocephalic artery.
The heart pumps blood throughout the human body; however, it must pump at the right time and with the right amount of force. When the heart is not pumping efficiently and in a timely manner, the flow of blood becomes disrupted. One can think of the heart as the only traffic light in a busy intersection. When working properly, traffic flows smoothly. When is it not working properly, traffic becomes congested. Likewise, when the heart is weak, the blood leaving the heart towards the systemic circulation (e.g. brain, organs) becomes disrupted. The blood entering the heart from the lungs also gets congested because the heart is not able to pump fast enough and strong enough to get the blood in and out at the proper pace.
One of the most common causes of death for a patient with a weak heart is from pulmonary edema. Which of the following choices best explains how pulmonary edema may result from heart failure?
Pulmonary edema results from blood being pushed back into the lungs from increased hydrostatic pressure in the vessels and capillaries
Pulmonary edema results from a problem with the lympathtic system which is largely dependant on the heart
Pulmonary edema results from an infection of the lungs
None of these
Pulmonary edema results from an ion and iron deficiency in the blood
When the heart is weak (e.g. heart attack), it is unable to pump as efficiently as before. Pulmonary edema occurs when the left ventricle is weak. This results in fluid to backing up and pooling into the lungs via the pulmonary vein. The backed up pressure increases the hydrostatic pressure of the vessels and capillaries in the lungs. The increase in hydrostatic pressure pushes the fluid in the blood towards the lungs, resulting in pulmonary edema.
Blood pumped out of the heart circulates the body and returns to the heart. Which vessel connects directly to the right atrium?
Superior and inferior vena cavae
Carotid artery
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Aorta
The right atrium receives blood that is returning to the heart from the body. The vena cavae are responsible for collecting the blood from the rest of the body and depositing it in this heart chamber. The superior vena cava collects blood from the head and upper extremities, while the inferior vena cava collects blood from the lower trunk and lower extremities.
The aorta is the artery that exits the left ventricle to deliver blood back to the body's tissues. The carotid artery carries blood to the head; the left branch is derived from the aorta, while the right branch is derived from the brachiocephalic artery.
The heart pumps blood throughout the human body; however, it must pump at the right time and with the right amount of force. When the heart is not pumping efficiently and in a timely manner, the flow of blood becomes disrupted. One can think of the heart as the only traffic light in a busy intersection. When working properly, traffic flows smoothly. When is it not working properly, traffic becomes congested. Likewise, when the heart is weak, the blood leaving the heart towards the systemic circulation (e.g. brain, organs) becomes disrupted. The blood entering the heart from the lungs also gets congested because the heart is not able to pump fast enough and strong enough to get the blood in and out at the proper pace.
One of the most common causes of death for a patient with a weak heart is from pulmonary edema. Which of the following choices best explains how pulmonary edema may result from heart failure?
Pulmonary edema results from blood being pushed back into the lungs from increased hydrostatic pressure in the vessels and capillaries
Pulmonary edema results from a problem with the lympathtic system which is largely dependant on the heart
Pulmonary edema results from an infection of the lungs
None of these
Pulmonary edema results from an ion and iron deficiency in the blood
When the heart is weak (e.g. heart attack), it is unable to pump as efficiently as before. Pulmonary edema occurs when the left ventricle is weak. This results in fluid to backing up and pooling into the lungs via the pulmonary vein. The backed up pressure increases the hydrostatic pressure of the vessels and capillaries in the lungs. The increase in hydrostatic pressure pushes the fluid in the blood towards the lungs, resulting in pulmonary edema.