AP Biology › Inheritance
A white homozygous recessive plant is crossed with a homozygous dominant red plant. The plants produced from this cross are all pink. What kind of inheritance does this plant's color follow?
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Complete dominance
Sex-linked dominance
In incomplete dominance, heterozygotes express an intermediate phenotype. Since neither parent expresses the pink phenotype, we know that plant color follows incomplete dominance since neither red nor white is fully expressed as would be the case with complete dominance; rather they are both incompletely expressed.
Which is true of a pea plant with rounded pods and alleles Rr?
The phenotype is Rr and the genotype is rounded pods
The genotype is Rr and the phenotype is rounded pods
The F1 generation will only have rounded pods
The F2 generation will only have rounded pods
The genotype describes the genetic makeup or alleles of the individual, while the phenotype describes the physical characteristic of the individual.
If the p-value determined by a chi-square test is low, which is possible
The chi square value is also low
The null hypothesis is rejected
The null hypothesis is accepted
The alternative hypothesis is rejected
When the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha), the null hypothesis is rejected. For the p-value to be low, the chi square value would need to be large (large difference between observed and expected values). The null hypothesis would not be accepted (under no circumstance is a null hypothesis “accepted”; onlay rejected or failed to reject). The alternative hypothesis would be accepted if the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha).
A white homozygous recessive plant is crossed with a homozygous dominant red plant. The plants produced from this cross are all pink. What kind of inheritance does this plant's color follow?
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Complete dominance
Sex-linked dominance
In incomplete dominance, heterozygotes express an intermediate phenotype. Since neither parent expresses the pink phenotype, we know that plant color follows incomplete dominance since neither red nor white is fully expressed as would be the case with complete dominance; rather they are both incompletely expressed.
Epistasis controls the fur color of labradors, with the B locus controlling color (Black is dominant to brown), and E locus determining expression of B locus. This is a case of recessive masking epistasis. Which of the following is true?
bbEe results in black fur
BbEe results in black fur
bbee results in brown fur
BBee results in black fur
Epistasis describes the interaction of genes, where the epistatic locus masks the effects of a gene at another locus. In this example, locus E is epistatic. As this is stated to be recessive masking epistasis, when the E locus is homozygous recessive (ee), this locus will mask the effect of the B locus (color). Thus, any combination of B/b with ee will result in yellow fur. When the E locus is heterozygous (Ee) or homozygous dominant (EE), the effect of the B locus will not be masked. Thus, BbEe will result in black fur (as black B is dominant to brown b), and the E locus does not mask the B locus here, as the E locus is heterozygous in this individual (Ee).
Epistasis controls the fur color of labradors, with the B locus controlling color (Black is dominant to brown), and E locus determining expression of B locus. This is a case of recessive masking epistasis. Which of the following is true?
bbEe results in black fur
BbEe results in black fur
bbee results in brown fur
BBee results in black fur
Epistasis describes the interaction of genes, where the epistatic locus masks the effects of a gene at another locus. In this example, locus E is epistatic. As this is stated to be recessive masking epistasis, when the E locus is homozygous recessive (ee), this locus will mask the effect of the B locus (color). Thus, any combination of B/b with ee will result in yellow fur. When the E locus is heterozygous (Ee) or homozygous dominant (EE), the effect of the B locus will not be masked. Thus, BbEe will result in black fur (as black B is dominant to brown b), and the E locus does not mask the B locus here, as the E locus is heterozygous in this individual (Ee).
The shorthorn cattle coat color exhibits codominance. If a homozygous red individual and homozygous white individual produce an offspring, what will the resulting coat color be?
White
Red
Pink
Roan
In cases of codominance, the offspring have both alleles expressed at the same time. Thus, the coat color will be roa, which contains both white and red hair.
If the p-value determined by a chi-square test is low, which is possible
The chi square value is also low
The null hypothesis is rejected
The null hypothesis is accepted
The alternative hypothesis is rejected
When the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha), the null hypothesis is rejected. For the p-value to be low, the chi square value would need to be large (large difference between observed and expected values). The null hypothesis would not be accepted (under no circumstance is a null hypothesis “accepted”; onlay rejected or failed to reject). The alternative hypothesis would be accepted if the p-value is equal to or below the significance level (alpha).
The shorthorn cattle coat color exhibits codominance. If a homozygous red individual and homozygous white individual produce an offspring, what will the resulting coat color be?
White
Red
Pink
Roan
In cases of codominance, the offspring have both alleles expressed at the same time. Thus, the coat color will be roa, which contains both white and red hair.
Which is true of a pea plant with rounded pods and alleles Rr?
The phenotype is Rr and the genotype is rounded pods
The genotype is Rr and the phenotype is rounded pods
The F1 generation will only have rounded pods
The F2 generation will only have rounded pods
The genotype describes the genetic makeup or alleles of the individual, while the phenotype describes the physical characteristic of the individual.