Pollution
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AP Environmental Science › Pollution
This form of smog tends to be sulfur-based (also known as grey-smog):
industrial smog
photochemical smog
urban smog
organic smog
none of the other answers are correct
Explanation
There are only two forms of smog: industrial, which tends to be sulfur-based, and photochemical, which tends to be nitrogen-based.
This form of smog tends to be sulfur-based (also known as grey-smog):
industrial smog
photochemical smog
urban smog
organic smog
none of the other answers are correct
Explanation
There are only two forms of smog: industrial, which tends to be sulfur-based, and photochemical, which tends to be nitrogen-based.
One of the negative effects of air pollution is that it can cause problems in the ozone layer. Which class of chemicals are known to deplete ozone?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Explanation
The correct response is chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These chemical compounds are known to deplete ozone from the atmosphere. During the 1960s and 1970s, refrigerators were manufactured with CFCs. This is what created the whole in the ozone which we have all heard about. The Environmental Protection Agency banned the use of CFCs and this is greatly improved the quality of ozone in the atmosphere.
One of the negative effects of air pollution is that it can cause problems in the ozone layer. Which class of chemicals are known to deplete ozone?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Explanation
The correct response is chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These chemical compounds are known to deplete ozone from the atmosphere. During the 1960s and 1970s, refrigerators were manufactured with CFCs. This is what created the whole in the ozone which we have all heard about. The Environmental Protection Agency banned the use of CFCs and this is greatly improved the quality of ozone in the atmosphere.
Which definition best describes the process of eutrophication?
Nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff enters aquatic ecosystems, with exponential increases in aquatic vegetation growth resulting from increased nutrient availability in the watershed. Oxygen is consumed when when the bloom of aquatic vegetation dies off and decomposes, resulting in hypoxia and die-off of aquatic wildlife.
Nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff enters aquatic ecosystems, with exponential increases in aquatic vegetation growth resulting from increased nutrient availability in the watershed. Oxygen is consumed when when the bloom of aquatic vegetation dies off and decomposes, resulting in hyperoxia and die-off of aquatic wildlife.
Nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff enters aquatic ecosystems, resulting in increased nutrient availability and algal blooms. The now-overpopulated aquatic plants consume most of the oxygen available in the watershed, resulting in hypoxia and die-off of aquatic wildlife.
Nutrients from agricultural runoff enter the watershed and the resulting algal bloom limits availability of sunlight and oxygen production, resulting in a hypoxic aquatic ecosystem and wildlife die-offs.
Nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff results in exponential growth of aquatic flora, which provides a more abundant food source for aquatic wildlife. The resulting overpopulation by aquatic wildlife creates a hypoxic environment, which causes fish and other aquatic animals to suffocate.
Explanation
The algal blooms that result from agricultural runoff do not consume oxygen when they are living. The resulting die-off from overcrowding and lack of sunlight availability and decomposition process is what consumes oxygen in the ecosystem, causing fish to suffocate.
It is also important to recognize that hypoxia is the result of insufficient oxygen in the ecosystem, while hyperoxia is when there is too much oxygen. (Consider the meanings of the prefixes "hypo-" and "hyper-".)
Which definition best describes the process of eutrophication?
Nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff enters aquatic ecosystems, with exponential increases in aquatic vegetation growth resulting from increased nutrient availability in the watershed. Oxygen is consumed when when the bloom of aquatic vegetation dies off and decomposes, resulting in hypoxia and die-off of aquatic wildlife.
Nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff enters aquatic ecosystems, with exponential increases in aquatic vegetation growth resulting from increased nutrient availability in the watershed. Oxygen is consumed when when the bloom of aquatic vegetation dies off and decomposes, resulting in hyperoxia and die-off of aquatic wildlife.
Nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff enters aquatic ecosystems, resulting in increased nutrient availability and algal blooms. The now-overpopulated aquatic plants consume most of the oxygen available in the watershed, resulting in hypoxia and die-off of aquatic wildlife.
Nutrients from agricultural runoff enter the watershed and the resulting algal bloom limits availability of sunlight and oxygen production, resulting in a hypoxic aquatic ecosystem and wildlife die-offs.
Nitrogen-rich agricultural runoff results in exponential growth of aquatic flora, which provides a more abundant food source for aquatic wildlife. The resulting overpopulation by aquatic wildlife creates a hypoxic environment, which causes fish and other aquatic animals to suffocate.
Explanation
The algal blooms that result from agricultural runoff do not consume oxygen when they are living. The resulting die-off from overcrowding and lack of sunlight availability and decomposition process is what consumes oxygen in the ecosystem, causing fish to suffocate.
It is also important to recognize that hypoxia is the result of insufficient oxygen in the ecosystem, while hyperoxia is when there is too much oxygen. (Consider the meanings of the prefixes "hypo-" and "hyper-".)
Which of the following is least likely to be a dangerous consequence of leachate from a sanitary landfill?
The leachate can be at a high temperature
The leachate can leak into nearby soils
The leachate can be classified as toxic waste and have to be treated accordingly
The leachate can contain toxic metal compounds
The leachate can leak into groundwater
Explanation
A leachate is a liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts component of the material through which it has passed. In the case of sanitary landfills – where waste is isolated from the environment until it is deemed safe – the main concern is the safety of the leachate in terms of composition and permeability. The leachate could potential carry and spread the very compounds in the landfill waste that have deemed it unsafe, such as toxic wastes and metals. However the temperature of the leachate is very rarely a concern.
Which of the following is least likely to be a dangerous consequence of leachate from a sanitary landfill?
The leachate can be at a high temperature
The leachate can leak into nearby soils
The leachate can be classified as toxic waste and have to be treated accordingly
The leachate can contain toxic metal compounds
The leachate can leak into groundwater
Explanation
A leachate is a liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts component of the material through which it has passed. In the case of sanitary landfills – where waste is isolated from the environment until it is deemed safe – the main concern is the safety of the leachate in terms of composition and permeability. The leachate could potential carry and spread the very compounds in the landfill waste that have deemed it unsafe, such as toxic wastes and metals. However the temperature of the leachate is very rarely a concern.
What is a potential result of fertilizer runoff into streams and rivers?
Eutrophication and increased algal bloom
Poisoning of water invertebrates by pesticides
Increased lake and river fertility
Making trees downstream grow larger
Free fertilizer for downstream farmers
Explanation
Fertilizer runoff can cause eutrophication, where nutrient-enriched freshwater mixes with saltwater and causes huge algal bloom, such as red tide. These can be toxic to both ocean organisms and to humans.
What is a potential result of fertilizer runoff into streams and rivers?
Eutrophication and increased algal bloom
Poisoning of water invertebrates by pesticides
Increased lake and river fertility
Making trees downstream grow larger
Free fertilizer for downstream farmers
Explanation
Fertilizer runoff can cause eutrophication, where nutrient-enriched freshwater mixes with saltwater and causes huge algal bloom, such as red tide. These can be toxic to both ocean organisms and to humans.