AP European History Flashcards: Enlightened And Other Approaches To Power

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Enlightened And Other Approaches To Power, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP European History.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What is Enlightened Absolutism?

Answer: Monarchs implementing Enlightenment ideas while maintaining power. Combined rational reforms with absolute rule.

Flashcard 2: Identify a key principle of Enlightenment thought.

Answer: Reason and individualism. Emphasized logic and personal freedom.

Flashcard 3: What was the primary aim of the Physiocrats?

Answer: Economic reform through agriculture. Believed land was source of all wealth.

Flashcard 4: What is Voltaire best known for advocating?

Answer: Freedom of speech and religion. Defended civil liberties against oppression.

Flashcard 5: Which philosopher influenced Enlightened Despots with 'The Social Contract'?

Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Argued for popular sovereignty in government.

Flashcard 6: Identify the main goal of Mercantilism.

Answer: Increase state wealth by maximizing exports. Accumulate gold and maintain trade surplus.

Flashcard 7: What was the impact of John Locke's philosophy on government?

Answer: Advocated for natural rights and consent of the governed. Influenced democratic revolutions worldwide.

Flashcard 8: Which ruler is associated with the term 'Enlightened Despot'?

Answer: Frederick the Great. Exemplified philosopher-king ideal in practice.

Flashcard 9: What did the Declaration of Pillnitz aim to address?

Answer: Support for Louis XVI against the French Revolution. Austria and Prussia pledged to restore monarchy.

Flashcard 10: Which Enlightenment thinker promoted separation of powers?

Answer: Montesquieu. Advocated checks and balances in government.

Flashcard 11: Which ruler enacted the Charter of Nobility?

Answer: Catherine the Great. Formalized privileges of Russian nobility.

Flashcard 12: Name a cultural achievement of Louis XIV's reign.

Answer: Palace of Versailles. Symbol of absolute monarchy's grandeur.

Flashcard 13: What did the Pragmatic Sanction aim to secure?

Answer: Maria Theresa's succession. Ensured female inheritance of Habsburg throne.

Flashcard 14: Which philosopher influenced Enlightened Despots with 'The Social Contract'?

Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Argued for popular sovereignty in government.

Flashcard 15: What was one result of the War of Spanish Succession?

Answer: Treaty of Utrecht. Ended French dominance under Louis XIV.

Flashcard 16: What did the Edict of Toleration in Austria accomplish?

Answer: Religious freedom for non-Catholics. Ended Catholic monopoly on worship.

Flashcard 17: Identify a major outcome of the Treaty of Westphalia.

Answer: End of the Thirty Years' War. Established principle of state sovereignty.

Flashcard 18: What was the primary focus of Enlightenment salons?

Answer: Intellectual exchange. Elite gatherings spread new philosophical ideas.

Flashcard 19: Identify a key result of the Glorious Revolution.

Answer: Constitutional monarchy established. Limited royal power through Parliament.

Flashcard 20: Who was the monarch during the Seven Years' War in Prussia?

Answer: Frederick the Great. Led Prussia in major European conflict.

Flashcard 21: Who was the editor of the Encyclopédie?

Answer: Denis Diderot. Led collaborative effort to catalog knowledge.

Flashcard 22: What did the Declaration of Pillnitz aim to address?

Answer: Support for Louis XVI against the French Revolution. Austria and Prussia pledged to restore monarchy.

Flashcard 23: Which Enlightenment thinker promoted separation of powers?

Answer: Montesquieu. Advocated checks and balances in government.

Flashcard 24: Name the document that limited the power of the English monarchy in 1689.

Answer: Bill of Rights. Guaranteed parliamentary control over monarchy.

Flashcard 25: What is a key feature of Mercantilism?

Answer: Government control of trade. State regulation to achieve favorable balance.

Flashcard 26: Which monarch is known as the 'philosopher king'?

Answer: Frederick the Great. Prussian king who promoted Enlightenment ideals.

Flashcard 27: What was the purpose of the Encyclopédie?

Answer: To compile knowledge and promote Enlightenment ideas. Spread Enlightenment through systematic organization.

Flashcard 28: Which Enlightenment thinker wrote 'Candide'?

Answer: Voltaire. Satirical novel critiquing optimistic philosophy.

Flashcard 29: Which Russian ruler corresponded with Voltaire?

Answer: Catherine the Great. Exchanged letters on philosophy and governance.

Flashcard 30: Name the treaty that ended the War of Austrian Succession.

Answer: Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Concluded conflict over Austrian throne (1748).

Flashcard 31: What is Enlightened Absolutism?

Answer: Monarchs implementing Enlightenment ideas while maintaining power. Combined rational reforms with absolute rule.

Flashcard 32: What economic policy did Adam Smith advocate?

Answer: Laissez-faire. Government should not interfere with markets.

Flashcard 33: What is the 'General Will' according to Rousseau?

Answer: Collective interest of the people. Democratic ideal beyond individual self-interest.

Flashcard 34: Identify a major outcome of the Treaty of Westphalia.

Answer: End of the Thirty Years' War. Established principle of state sovereignty.

Flashcard 35: Identify the main goal of Mercantilism.

Answer: Increase state wealth by maximizing exports. Accumulate gold and maintain trade surplus.

Flashcard 36: Who implemented the Edict of Toleration in Austria?

Answer: Joseph II. Granted religious freedom to non-Catholics.

Flashcard 37: What is the 'General Will' according to Rousseau?

Answer: Collective interest of the people. Democratic ideal beyond individual self-interest.

Flashcard 38: What was one result of the War of Spanish Succession?

Answer: Treaty of Utrecht. Ended French dominance under Louis XIV.

Flashcard 39: What was the primary aim of the Physiocrats?

Answer: Economic reform through agriculture. Believed land was source of all wealth.

Flashcard 40: Which monarch is known as the 'philosopher king'?

Answer: Frederick the Great. Prussian king who promoted Enlightenment ideals.

Flashcard 41: What did the Edict of Toleration in Austria accomplish?

Answer: Religious freedom for non-Catholics. Ended Catholic monopoly on worship.

Flashcard 42: What was the significance of the Edict of Nantes?

Answer: Granted religious freedom to Huguenots. Protected Protestant minority from persecution.

Flashcard 43: Who was the monarch during the Seven Years' War in Prussia?

Answer: Frederick the Great. Led Prussia in major European conflict.

Flashcard 44: Which Enlightenment thinker wrote 'Candide'?

Answer: Voltaire. Satirical novel critiquing optimistic philosophy.

Flashcard 45: What was the impact of John Locke's philosophy on government?

Answer: Advocated for natural rights and consent of the governed. Influenced democratic revolutions worldwide.

Flashcard 46: Identify a key result of the Glorious Revolution.

Answer: Constitutional monarchy established. Limited royal power through Parliament.

Flashcard 47: Which Russian ruler corresponded with Voltaire?

Answer: Catherine the Great. Exchanged letters on philosophy and governance.

Flashcard 48: Who implemented the Edict of Toleration in Austria?

Answer: Joseph II. Granted religious freedom to non-Catholics.

Flashcard 49: Who is credited with the phrase 'I think, therefore I am'?

Answer: René Descartes. Founded modern philosophy on rational doubt.

Flashcard 50: What was the primary focus of Enlightenment salons?

Answer: Intellectual exchange. Elite gatherings spread new philosophical ideas.

Flashcard 51: Name a cultural achievement of Louis XIV's reign.

Answer: Palace of Versailles. Symbol of absolute monarchy's grandeur.

Flashcard 52: Name the document that limited the power of the English monarchy in 1689.

Answer: Bill of Rights. Guaranteed parliamentary control over monarchy.

Flashcard 53: What economic policy did Adam Smith advocate?

Answer: Laissez-faire. Government should not interfere with markets.

Flashcard 54: What was the significance of the Edict of Nantes?

Answer: Granted religious freedom to Huguenots. Protected Protestant minority from persecution.

Flashcard 55: Identify a reform by Catherine the Great to modernize Russia.

Answer: Legal codification. Created unified legal system for empire.

Flashcard 56: Identify a reform by Catherine the Great to modernize Russia.

Answer: Legal codification. Created unified legal system for empire.

Flashcard 57: Who wrote 'The Wealth of Nations'?

Answer: Adam Smith. Father of modern economics and capitalism.

Flashcard 58: What was the purpose of the Encyclopédie?

Answer: To compile knowledge and promote Enlightenment ideas. Spread Enlightenment through systematic organization.

Flashcard 59: Identify one reform by Joseph II of Austria.

Answer: Abolition of serfdom. Freed peasants from feudal bondage.

Flashcard 60: Which ruler enacted the Charter of Nobility?

Answer: Catherine the Great. Formalized privileges of Russian nobility.

Flashcard 61: What is Voltaire best known for advocating?

Answer: Freedom of speech and religion. Defended civil liberties against oppression.

Flashcard 62: What is a key feature of Mercantilism?

Answer: Government control of trade. State regulation to achieve favorable balance.

Flashcard 63: What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?

Answer: Restore balance of power in Europe. Prevented any nation from dominating Europe.

Flashcard 64: Which philosopher's ideas influenced Enlightened Absolutism?

Answer: Voltaire. Promoted reason, tolerance, and reform ideas.

Flashcard 65: What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?

Answer: Restore balance of power in Europe. Prevented any nation from dominating Europe.

Flashcard 66: Identify a key principle of Enlightenment thought.

Answer: Reason and individualism. Emphasized logic and personal freedom.

Flashcard 67: Identify one objective of the Enlightenment.

Answer: Progress and reform in society. Sought to improve human condition through reason.

Flashcard 68: Identify one objective of the Enlightenment.

Answer: Progress and reform in society. Sought to improve human condition through reason.

Flashcard 69: Which philosopher's ideas influenced Enlightened Absolutism?

Answer: Voltaire. Promoted reason, tolerance, and reform ideas.

Flashcard 70: What did the Pragmatic Sanction aim to secure?

Answer: Maria Theresa's succession. Ensured female inheritance of Habsburg throne.

Flashcard 71: Who is credited with the phrase 'I think, therefore I am'?

Answer: René Descartes. Founded modern philosophy on rational doubt.

Flashcard 72: Who wrote 'The Wealth of Nations'?

Answer: Adam Smith. Father of modern economics and capitalism.

Flashcard 73: Which ruler is associated with the term 'Enlightened Despot'?

Answer: Frederick the Great. Exemplified philosopher-king ideal in practice.

Flashcard 74: Identify one reform by Joseph II of Austria.

Answer: Abolition of serfdom. Freed peasants from feudal bondage.

Flashcard 75: Name the treaty that ended the War of Austrian Succession.

Answer: Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Concluded conflict over Austrian throne (1748).

Flashcard 76: Who was the editor of the Encyclopédie?

Answer: Denis Diderot. Led collaborative effort to catalog knowledge.