AP Human Geography Flashcards: Forced And Voluntary Migration

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Forced And Voluntary Migration, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Human Geography.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What is chain migration?

Answer: Migration following relatives or friends. Social networks facilitate and encourage further migration.

Flashcard 2: Identify a key factor of voluntary migration.

Answer: Economic opportunity. Attracts people seeking better living standards or jobs.

Flashcard 3: What is a refugee?

Answer: A person fleeing conflict or persecution. Protected under international law with specific legal status.

Flashcard 4: Name a major voluntary migration trend.

Answer: Rural to urban migration. People seek better economic opportunities in cities.

Flashcard 5: Identify a historical example of forced migration.

Answer: Transatlantic slave trade. Millions of Africans forced to migrate as enslaved labor.

Flashcard 6: Identify one factor affecting migration policies.

Answer: National security. Governments consider security risks when setting immigration rules.

Flashcard 7: What is return migration?

Answer: Returning to the country of origin. Migrants move back to their homeland permanently or temporarily.

Flashcard 8: Identify a contemporary example of forced migration.

Answer: Syrian refugee crisis. Ongoing civil war has displaced millions internationally.

Flashcard 9: What is a host country?

Answer: Country receiving migrants. Destination nation providing temporary or permanent residence.

Flashcard 10: What is rural depopulation?

Answer: Decrease in rural population due to migration. Out-migration leaves rural areas with fewer residents.

Flashcard 11: What is transnational migration?

Answer: Migration across national borders. Movement between different countries or nation-states.

Flashcard 12: What is a migration corridor?

Answer: Routes regularly used by migrants. Established pathways connecting origin and destination regions.

Flashcard 13: What is counter-urbanization?

Answer: Migration from urban to rural areas. People leave cities for smaller towns or countryside.

Flashcard 14: What is the impact of migration on rural areas?

Answer: Population decline and aging. Young people leave, creating demographic and economic challenges.

Flashcard 15: What is the concept of remittances?

Answer: Money sent home by migrants. Financial transfers support families in origin countries.

Flashcard 16: What is voluntary migration?

Answer: Migration based on personal choice. Individuals freely decide to move without external pressure.

Flashcard 17: State an example of a pull factor.

Answer: Job opportunities. Economic incentives attract migrants to destinations.

Flashcard 18: What is rural depopulation?

Answer: Decrease in rural population due to migration. Out-migration leaves rural areas with fewer residents.

Flashcard 19: What is the impact of migration on urban areas?

Answer: Increased diversity and economic activity. Migration transforms cities culturally and economically.

Flashcard 20: What is the gravity model in migration?

Answer: Predicts migration based on size and distance. Larger, closer places attract more migrants than smaller, distant ones.

Flashcard 21: Identify a key factor of forced migration.

Answer: Conflict or persecution. External threats force people to leave against their will.

Flashcard 22: What is an internally displaced person (IDP)?

Answer: A person displaced within their own country. Cannot cross international borders for protection.

Flashcard 23: What is the migration transition model?

Answer: Changes in migration patterns linked to development. Describes how migration patterns change with economic development.

Flashcard 24: What is the migration transition model?

Answer: Changes in migration patterns linked to development. Describes how migration patterns change with economic development.

Flashcard 25: What is a migration stream?

Answer: A constant flow of migrants from the same origin. Established pathway connecting origin and destination areas.

Flashcard 26: What is the impact of migration on urban areas?

Answer: Increased diversity and economic activity. Migration transforms cities culturally and economically.

Flashcard 27: What is an asylum seeker?

Answer: A person seeking refugee status. Awaiting official determination of refugee status.

Flashcard 28: Define 'push factor' in migration.

Answer: Reason prompting departure from origin. Negative conditions encouraging people to leave an area.

Flashcard 29: What is transnational migration?

Answer: Migration across national borders. Movement between different countries or nation-states.

Flashcard 30: What is step migration?

Answer: Migration occurring in stages. Gradual movement through intermediate destinations to final goal.

Flashcard 31: Identify a consequence of forced migration.

Answer: Loss of cultural heritage. Forced migrants often lose connection to ancestral traditions.

Flashcard 32: Identify a policy tool for managing migration.

Answer: Visa regulations. Legal documents controlling entry and residence permissions.

Flashcard 33: What is the concept of remittances?

Answer: Money sent home by migrants. Financial transfers support families in origin countries.

Flashcard 34: What is forced migration?

Answer: Migration due to coercion or threat. Involves lack of choice and external pressure to leave.

Flashcard 35: State an example of a push factor.

Answer: Natural disaster. Environmental hazards force people to relocate for safety.

Flashcard 36: Name a region with significant forced migration.

Answer: Middle East. Ongoing conflicts and political instability drive displacement.

Flashcard 37: What is the role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)?

Answer: Protects and supports refugees. International organization providing humanitarian assistance to refugees.

Flashcard 38: What is step migration?

Answer: Migration occurring in stages. Gradual movement through intermediate destinations to final goal.

Flashcard 39: What is counter-urbanization?

Answer: Migration from urban to rural areas. People leave cities for smaller towns or countryside.

Flashcard 40: What is the concept of brain drain?

Answer: Emigration of skilled individuals. Depletes origin countries of educated professionals.

Flashcard 41: Which document protects refugees' rights?

Answer: 1951 Refugee Convention. Established international legal framework for refugee protection.

Flashcard 42: Name a region with significant voluntary migration.

Answer: North America. Economic opportunities and quality of life attract migrants.

Flashcard 43: Identify a challenge faced by refugees.

Answer: Lack of legal protection. Refugees often lack legal status and basic rights.

Flashcard 44: Define 'pull factor' in migration.

Answer: Reason attracting migrants to a destination. Positive conditions encouraging people to move to an area.

Flashcard 45: Identify a contemporary example of forced migration.

Answer: Syrian refugee crisis. Ongoing civil war has displaced millions internationally.

Flashcard 46: Identify a consequence of voluntary migration.

Answer: Economic growth in destination. Migrants contribute labor, skills, and cultural diversity.