AP Physics 1 Flashcards: Momentum

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Momentum, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Physics 1.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: How does momentum change if mass doubles and velocity stays constant?

Answer: Momentum doubles. Momentum is directly proportional to mass.

Flashcard 2: Find the velocity if momentum is 30 kg·m/s and mass is 5 kg.

Answer: $v = 6$ m/s. Rearranging $p = mv$ gives $v = p/m = 30/5$.

Flashcard 3: What is conserved in an elastic collision?

Answer: Both momentum and kinetic energy. These are the two conserved quantities in elastic collisions.

Flashcard 4: Identify the variable for momentum in equations.

Answer: Momentum is represented by $p$. Standard physics notation for momentum.

Flashcard 5: How does friction affect momentum in a system?

Answer: Friction can reduce momentum. Friction is an external force that affects momentum.

Flashcard 6: Calculate momentum for a 0.5 kg ball traveling at 10 m/s.

Answer: $p = 5$ kg·m/s. Using $p = mv = 0.5×10 = 5$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 7: Find momentum if mass is 7 kg and velocity is 3 m/s.

Answer: $p = 21$ kg·m/s. Using $p = mv = 7×3 = 21$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 8: If momentum is 20 kg·m/s and velocity is 4 m/s, find the mass.

Answer: $m = 5$ kg. Rearranging $p = mv$ gives $m = p/v = 20/4$.

Flashcard 9: Which has more momentum: a 5 kg object at 2 m/s or a 10 kg object at 1 m/s?

Answer: Both have 10 kg·m/s of momentum. Both equal $5×2 = 10$ and $10×1 = 10$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 10: How does momentum change if velocity doubles and mass stays constant?

Answer: Momentum doubles. Momentum is directly proportional to velocity.

Flashcard 11: What are the units of momentum?

Answer: Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Derived from mass (kg) times velocity (m/s).

Flashcard 12: Calculate the momentum of a 3 kg object traveling at 4 m/s.

Answer: $p = 12$ kg·m/s. Using $p = mv = 3×4 = 12$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 13: What is the impulse if a force of 6 N acts for 3 s?

Answer: $J = 18$ Ns. Using $J = F×\Delta t = 6×3 = 18$ Ns.

Flashcard 14: How does momentum change if velocity doubles and mass stays constant?

Answer: Momentum doubles. Momentum is directly proportional to velocity.

Flashcard 15: Calculate the force exerted if a 10 Ns impulse acts over 2 seconds.

Answer: $F = 5$ N. Rearranging $J = F×\Delta t$ gives $F = J/\Delta t = 10/2$.

Flashcard 16: If a system has two objects at rest, what is the total momentum?

Answer: 0 kg·m/s. Rest means zero velocity for both objects.

Flashcard 17: If velocity triples and mass is constant, what happens to momentum?

Answer: Momentum triples. Momentum is directly proportional to velocity.

Flashcard 18: What is the formula for momentum?

Answer: $p = mv$. This is the fundamental equation defining momentum.

Flashcard 19: If momentum is 20 kg·m/s and velocity is 4 m/s, find the mass.

Answer: $m = 5$ kg. Rearranging $p = mv$ gives $m = p/v = 20/4$.

Flashcard 20: Which has more momentum: a 5 kg object at 2 m/s or a 10 kg object at 1 m/s?

Answer: Both have 10 kg·m/s of momentum. Both equal $5×2 = 10$ and $10×1 = 10$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 21: Calculate momentum for a 4 kg object at 5 m/s.

Answer: $p = 20$ kg·m/s. Using $p = mv = 4×5 = 20$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 22: Calculate the impulse if a force of 8 N acts for 3 s.

Answer: $J = 24$ Ns. Using $J = F×\Delta t = 8×3 = 24$ Ns.

Flashcard 23: If impulse is 15 Ns and time is 5 s, find the force.

Answer: $F = 3$ N. Rearranging $J = F×\Delta t$ gives $F = J/\Delta t = 15/5$.

Flashcard 24: What is conserved in an elastic collision?

Answer: Both momentum and kinetic energy. These are the two conserved quantities in elastic collisions.

Flashcard 25: How does friction affect momentum in a system?

Answer: Friction can reduce momentum. Friction is an external force that affects momentum.

Flashcard 26: How does momentum change if mass doubles and velocity stays constant?

Answer: Momentum doubles. Momentum is directly proportional to mass.

Flashcard 27: Identify the variable for momentum in equations.

Answer: Momentum is represented by $p$. Standard physics notation for momentum.

Flashcard 28: State the relationship between force and change in momentum.

Answer: Force equals the rate of change of momentum. This is Newton's second law in momentum form.

Flashcard 29: What is the resulting force if a 15 Ns impulse occurs over 3 s?

Answer: $F = 5$ N. Rearranging $J = F×\Delta t$ gives $F = J/\Delta t = 15/3$.

Flashcard 30: Define momentum.

Answer: Momentum is the product of mass and velocity. This definition follows directly from $p = mv$.

Flashcard 31: What is the momentum of a 10 kg object moving at 0 m/s?

Answer: 0 kg·m/s. Zero velocity results in zero momentum.

Flashcard 32: What happens to momentum in a perfectly inelastic collision?

Answer: Objects stick together, total momentum conserved. The most inelastic case where objects combine.

Flashcard 33: If a 2 kg ball rolls at 1 m/s, what impulse stops it in 2 s?

Answer: -2 Ns. Initial momentum is $2×1 = 2$ kg·m/s, final is 0.

Flashcard 34: Determine the change in momentum for a 4 kg object increasing speed from 2 m/s to 5 m/s.

Answer: 12 kg·m/s. Change is $4×5 - 4×2 = 20 - 8 = 12$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 35: Define momentum.

Answer: Momentum is the product of mass and velocity. This definition follows directly from $p = mv$.

Flashcard 36: What happens to momentum in a perfectly inelastic collision?

Answer: Objects stick together, total momentum conserved. The most inelastic case where objects combine.

Flashcard 37: If a 2 kg ball rolls at 1 m/s, what impulse stops it in 2 s?

Answer: -2 Ns. Initial momentum is $2×1 = 2$ kg·m/s, final is 0.

Flashcard 38: Identify the variable representing impulse.

Answer: Impulse is represented by $J$. Standard physics notation for impulse.

Flashcard 39: How is momentum conserved in a closed system?

Answer: Total momentum before and after is equal. Conservation requires no external forces acting.

Flashcard 40: What is the effect on momentum if mass is halved and velocity is doubled?

Answer: Momentum stays the same. The mass and velocity changes cancel out.

Flashcard 41: State the impulse-momentum theorem formula.

Answer: $\text{Impulse} = \text{Change in momentum}$. This theorem connects impulse to momentum change.

Flashcard 42: What is the formula for impulse?

Answer: $J = F \times \triangle t$. Force multiplied by time interval gives impulse.

Flashcard 43: Find momentum if mass is 7 kg and velocity is 3 m/s.

Answer: $p = 21$ kg·m/s. Using $p = mv = 7×3 = 21$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 44: Identify the variable representing impulse.

Answer: Impulse is represented by $J$. Standard physics notation for impulse.

Flashcard 45: Calculate the force exerted if a 10 Ns impulse acts over 2 seconds.

Answer: $F = 5$ N. Rearranging $J = F×\Delta t$ gives $F = J/\Delta t = 10/2$.

Flashcard 46: What is the momentum of a 2 kg object at rest?

Answer: 0 kg·m/s. Zero velocity means zero momentum regardless of mass.

Flashcard 47: What is the formula for impulse?

Answer: $J = F \times \triangle t$. Force multiplied by time interval gives impulse.

Flashcard 48: State the impulse-momentum theorem formula.

Answer: $\text{Impulse} = \text{Change in momentum}$. This theorem connects impulse to momentum change.

Flashcard 49: If impulse is 15 Ns and time is 5 s, find the force.

Answer: $F = 3$ N. Rearranging $J = F×\Delta t$ gives $F = J/\Delta t = 15/5$.

Flashcard 50: What is the impulse if a force of 6 N acts for 3 s?

Answer: $J = 18$ Ns. Using $J = F×\Delta t = 6×3 = 18$ Ns.

Flashcard 51: What is the formula for momentum?

Answer: $p = mv$. This is the fundamental equation defining momentum.

Flashcard 52: What is the change in momentum called?

Answer: Impulse. Impulse is defined as the change in momentum.

Flashcard 53: Calculate momentum for a 0.5 kg ball traveling at 10 m/s.

Answer: $p = 5$ kg·m/s. Using $p = mv = 0.5×10 = 5$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 54: State the relationship between force and change in momentum.

Answer: Force equals the rate of change of momentum. This is Newton's second law in momentum form.

Flashcard 55: What are the units of momentum?

Answer: Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Derived from mass (kg) times velocity (m/s).

Flashcard 56: Calculate the impulse if a force of 8 N acts for 3 s.

Answer: $J = 24$ Ns. Using $J = F×\Delta t = 8×3 = 24$ Ns.

Flashcard 57: What is the effect on momentum if mass is halved and velocity is doubled?

Answer: Momentum stays the same. The mass and velocity changes cancel out.

Flashcard 58: Find the velocity if momentum is 30 kg·m/s and mass is 5 kg.

Answer: $v = 6$ m/s. Rearranging $p = mv$ gives $v = p/m = 30/5$.

Flashcard 59: What is the momentum of a 2 kg object at rest?

Answer: 0 kg·m/s. Zero velocity means zero momentum regardless of mass.

Flashcard 60: State the unit for impulse.

Answer: Newton second (Ns). Newton second is equivalent to kg·m/s.

Flashcard 61: What is the resulting force if a 15 Ns impulse occurs over 3 s?

Answer: $F = 5$ N. Rearranging $J = F×\Delta t$ gives $F = J/\Delta t = 15/3$.

Flashcard 62: State the law of conservation of momentum.

Answer: Total momentum remains constant in an isolated system. This applies when no external forces act on the system.

Flashcard 63: Determine the impulse needed to stop a 5 kg object moving at 4 m/s.

Answer: -20 Ns. Final momentum is 0, initial is $5×4 = 20$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 64: Calculate momentum for a 4 kg object at 5 m/s.

Answer: $p = 20$ kg·m/s. Using $p = mv = 4×5 = 20$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 65: Calculate the momentum of a 3 kg object traveling at 4 m/s.

Answer: $p = 12$ kg·m/s. Using $p = mv = 3×4 = 12$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 66: If velocity triples and mass is constant, what happens to momentum?

Answer: Momentum triples. Momentum is directly proportional to velocity.

Flashcard 67: If a system has two objects at rest, what is the total momentum?

Answer: 0 kg·m/s. Rest means zero velocity for both objects.

Flashcard 68: What is the momentum change if a 3 kg object accelerates from 0 to 3 m/s?

Answer: 9 kg·m/s. Change is $3×3 - 3×0 = 9$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 69: State the unit for impulse.

Answer: Newton second (Ns). Newton second is equivalent to kg·m/s.

Flashcard 70: Determine the impulse needed to stop a 5 kg object moving at 4 m/s.

Answer: -20 Ns. Final momentum is 0, initial is $5×4 = 20$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 71: Determine the change in momentum for a 4 kg object increasing speed from 2 m/s to 5 m/s.

Answer: 12 kg·m/s. Change is $4×5 - 4×2 = 20 - 8 = 12$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 72: What is the momentum change if a 3 kg object accelerates from 0 to 3 m/s?

Answer: 9 kg·m/s. Change is $3×3 - 3×0 = 9$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 73: State the law of conservation of momentum.

Answer: Total momentum remains constant in an isolated system. This applies when no external forces act on the system.

Flashcard 74: How is momentum conserved in a closed system?

Answer: Total momentum before and after is equal. Conservation requires no external forces acting.

Flashcard 75: What is the change in momentum called?

Answer: Impulse. Impulse is defined as the change in momentum.