Turbulence - AP Physics 2
Card 1 of 32
A baseball is thrown at a catcher with a high velocity and the ball passes right by the glove of the catcher. Which of the following scenarios will occur because of this?
A baseball is thrown at a catcher with a high velocity and the ball passes right by the glove of the catcher. Which of the following scenarios will occur because of this?
Tap to reveal answer
As the baseball passes by the glove, the air surrounding the glove increases in velocity. The increase in air velocity will cause a decrease in pressure. The decrease in pressure causes the ball to be pulled towards the glove.
Therefore the correct answer is that the ball will be pulled toward the glove because of the decreased air pressure.
As the baseball passes by the glove, the air surrounding the glove increases in velocity. The increase in air velocity will cause a decrease in pressure. The decrease in pressure causes the ball to be pulled towards the glove.
Therefore the correct answer is that the ball will be pulled toward the glove because of the decreased air pressure.
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Methanol is traveling through a cylindrical tube with a diameter of 
. What is the maximum velocity of methanol that maintains laminar flow?
Methanol is traveling through a cylindrical tube with a diameter of
Tap to reveal answer
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where 
is the hydraulic diameter, and for a cylindrical tube, 
Rearranging for velocity:
For laminar flow: 
Plugging in our values into the expression, we get:
Methanol has a relatively low viscosity, so it only has a very small range for laminar flow and quickly becomes turbulent
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where
Rearranging for velocity:
For laminar flow:
Plugging in our values into the expression, we get:
Methanol has a relatively low viscosity, so it only has a very small range for laminar flow and quickly becomes turbulent
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Turbulent flow is characterized by .
Turbulent flow is characterized by .
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Turbulent flow is caused by sufficiently high flow rates, and is characterized by chaotic and irregular flow patterns. Streamlines represent the curves tangent to the point of the direction of flow; thus, if a flow is turbulent the streamlines will be chaotic as well.
Turbulent flow is caused by sufficiently high flow rates, and is characterized by chaotic and irregular flow patterns. Streamlines represent the curves tangent to the point of the direction of flow; thus, if a flow is turbulent the streamlines will be chaotic as well.
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Which of the following is an example of turbulent flow?
Which of the following is an example of turbulent flow?
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The wisps of smoke from a blown out candle start out a smooth, but eventually swirl and become chaotic and turbulent. The other examples can be intuitively thought of as smooth flow, and thus are laminar.
The wisps of smoke from a blown out candle start out a smooth, but eventually swirl and become chaotic and turbulent. The other examples can be intuitively thought of as smooth flow, and thus are laminar.
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What is the Reynold's number of water flowing through a circular tube of diameter 
at a rate of 
?
Assume 
and 
What is the Reynold's number of water flowing through a circular tube of diameter
Assume
Tap to reveal answer
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where 
is the hydraulic diameter, and for a cylindrical tube, 
Plugging in our values, we get:
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where
Plugging in our values, we get:
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What is the Reynold's number of water flowing through a fully filled rectangle duct that is 
at a velocity 
?
Assume 
and 
What is the Reynold's number of water flowing through a fully filled rectangle duct that is
Assume
Tap to reveal answer
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
For a fully filled rectangular duct, the hydraulic diameter is:
Plugging in values:
Now we can plug our values into the original expression:
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
For a fully filled rectangular duct, the hydraulic diameter is:
Plugging in values:
Now we can plug our values into the original expression:
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Honey is flowing through a rectangular duct with width 
at a velocity of 
. What is the depth of the honey if the Reynold's number is 
?
Honey is flowing through a rectangular duct with width
Tap to reveal answer
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Rearranging for hydraulic diameter, we get:
For a partially filled rectangular duct, the expression for hydraulic diameter is:
Rearranging for height:
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Rearranging for hydraulic diameter, we get:
For a partially filled rectangular duct, the expression for hydraulic diameter is:
Rearranging for height:
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By what factor does the Reynolds's number change for water flowing through a circular tube as the cross-sectional area of the tube gradually triples?
By what factor does the Reynolds's number change for water flowing through a circular tube as the cross-sectional area of the tube gradually triples?
Tap to reveal answer
Let's begin with the expression for Reynold's number:
Dividing the second expression by the first, we get:
(1)
From the problem statement, we are told:
Also, for a circular tube:
Therefore:
(2)
Now we need to determine the change in velocity. From the law of continuity, we know that:
Rearranging:
Where:
Thus:
(3)
Plugging in expressions (2) and (3) into (1), we get:
Let's begin with the expression for Reynold's number:
Dividing the second expression by the first, we get:
From the problem statement, we are told:
Also, for a circular tube:
Therefore:
Now we need to determine the change in velocity. From the law of continuity, we know that:
Rearranging:
Where:
Thus:
Plugging in expressions (2) and (3) into (1), we get:
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Turbulent flow is characterized by .
Turbulent flow is characterized by .
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Turbulent flow is caused by sufficiently high flow rates, and is characterized by chaotic and irregular flow patterns. Streamlines represent the curves tangent to the point of the direction of flow; thus, if a flow is turbulent the streamlines will be chaotic as well.
Turbulent flow is caused by sufficiently high flow rates, and is characterized by chaotic and irregular flow patterns. Streamlines represent the curves tangent to the point of the direction of flow; thus, if a flow is turbulent the streamlines will be chaotic as well.
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Which of the following is an example of turbulent flow?
Which of the following is an example of turbulent flow?
Tap to reveal answer
The wisps of smoke from a blown out candle start out a smooth, but eventually swirl and become chaotic and turbulent. The other examples can be intuitively thought of as smooth flow, and thus are laminar.
The wisps of smoke from a blown out candle start out a smooth, but eventually swirl and become chaotic and turbulent. The other examples can be intuitively thought of as smooth flow, and thus are laminar.
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A baseball is thrown at a catcher with a high velocity and the ball passes right by the glove of the catcher. Which of the following scenarios will occur because of this?
A baseball is thrown at a catcher with a high velocity and the ball passes right by the glove of the catcher. Which of the following scenarios will occur because of this?
Tap to reveal answer
As the baseball passes by the glove, the air surrounding the glove increases in velocity. The increase in air velocity will cause a decrease in pressure. The decrease in pressure causes the ball to be pulled towards the glove.
Therefore the correct answer is that the ball will be pulled toward the glove because of the decreased air pressure.
As the baseball passes by the glove, the air surrounding the glove increases in velocity. The increase in air velocity will cause a decrease in pressure. The decrease in pressure causes the ball to be pulled towards the glove.
Therefore the correct answer is that the ball will be pulled toward the glove because of the decreased air pressure.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Methanol is traveling through a cylindrical tube with a diameter of . What is the maximum velocity of methanol that maintains laminar flow?
Methanol is traveling through a cylindrical tube with a diameter of
Tap to reveal answer
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where is the hydraulic diameter, and for a cylindrical tube,
Rearranging for velocity:
For laminar flow:
Plugging in our values into the expression, we get:
Methanol has a relatively low viscosity, so it only has a very small range for laminar flow and quickly becomes turbulent
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where
Rearranging for velocity:
For laminar flow:
Plugging in our values into the expression, we get:
Methanol has a relatively low viscosity, so it only has a very small range for laminar flow and quickly becomes turbulent
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What is the Reynold's number of water flowing through a circular tube of diameter at a rate of ?
Assume and
What is the Reynold's number of water flowing through a circular tube of diameter
Assume
Tap to reveal answer
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where is the hydraulic diameter, and for a cylindrical tube,
Plugging in our values, we get:
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where
Plugging in our values, we get:
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What is the Reynold's number of water flowing through a fully filled rectangle duct that is at a velocity ?
Assume and
What is the Reynold's number of water flowing through a fully filled rectangle duct that is
Assume
Tap to reveal answer
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
For a fully filled rectangular duct, the hydraulic diameter is:
Plugging in values:
Now we can plug our values into the original expression:
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
For a fully filled rectangular duct, the hydraulic diameter is:
Plugging in values:
Now we can plug our values into the original expression:
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Honey is flowing through a rectangular duct with width at a velocity of . What is the depth of the honey if the Reynold's number is ?
Honey is flowing through a rectangular duct with width
Tap to reveal answer
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Rearranging for hydraulic diameter, we get:
For a partially filled rectangular duct, the expression for hydraulic diameter is:
Rearranging for height:
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Rearranging for hydraulic diameter, we get:
For a partially filled rectangular duct, the expression for hydraulic diameter is:
Rearranging for height:
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By what factor does the Reynolds's number change for water flowing through a circular tube as the cross-sectional area of the tube gradually triples?
By what factor does the Reynolds's number change for water flowing through a circular tube as the cross-sectional area of the tube gradually triples?
Tap to reveal answer
Let's begin with the expression for Reynold's number:
Dividing the second expression by the first, we get:
(1)
From the problem statement, we are told:
Also, for a circular tube:
Therefore:
(2)
Now we need to determine the change in velocity. From the law of continuity, we know that:
Rearranging:
Where:
Thus:
(3)
Plugging in expressions (2) and (3) into (1), we get:
Let's begin with the expression for Reynold's number:
Dividing the second expression by the first, we get:
From the problem statement, we are told:
Also, for a circular tube:
Therefore:
Now we need to determine the change in velocity. From the law of continuity, we know that:
Rearranging:
Where:
Thus:
Plugging in expressions (2) and (3) into (1), we get:
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A baseball is thrown at a catcher with a high velocity and the ball passes right by the glove of the catcher. Which of the following scenarios will occur because of this?
A baseball is thrown at a catcher with a high velocity and the ball passes right by the glove of the catcher. Which of the following scenarios will occur because of this?
Tap to reveal answer
As the baseball passes by the glove, the air surrounding the glove increases in velocity. The increase in air velocity will cause a decrease in pressure. The decrease in pressure causes the ball to be pulled towards the glove.
Therefore the correct answer is that the ball will be pulled toward the glove because of the decreased air pressure.
As the baseball passes by the glove, the air surrounding the glove increases in velocity. The increase in air velocity will cause a decrease in pressure. The decrease in pressure causes the ball to be pulled towards the glove.
Therefore the correct answer is that the ball will be pulled toward the glove because of the decreased air pressure.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Methanol is traveling through a cylindrical tube with a diameter of . What is the maximum velocity of methanol that maintains laminar flow?
Methanol is traveling through a cylindrical tube with a diameter of
Tap to reveal answer
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where is the hydraulic diameter, and for a cylindrical tube,
Rearranging for velocity:
For laminar flow:
Plugging in our values into the expression, we get:
Methanol has a relatively low viscosity, so it only has a very small range for laminar flow and quickly becomes turbulent
We will use the expression for Reynold's number for this problem:
Where
Rearranging for velocity:
For laminar flow:
Plugging in our values into the expression, we get:
Methanol has a relatively low viscosity, so it only has a very small range for laminar flow and quickly becomes turbulent
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Turbulent flow is characterized by .
Turbulent flow is characterized by .
Tap to reveal answer
Turbulent flow is caused by sufficiently high flow rates, and is characterized by chaotic and irregular flow patterns. Streamlines represent the curves tangent to the point of the direction of flow; thus, if a flow is turbulent the streamlines will be chaotic as well.
Turbulent flow is caused by sufficiently high flow rates, and is characterized by chaotic and irregular flow patterns. Streamlines represent the curves tangent to the point of the direction of flow; thus, if a flow is turbulent the streamlines will be chaotic as well.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which of the following is an example of turbulent flow?
Which of the following is an example of turbulent flow?
Tap to reveal answer
The wisps of smoke from a blown out candle start out a smooth, but eventually swirl and become chaotic and turbulent. The other examples can be intuitively thought of as smooth flow, and thus are laminar.
The wisps of smoke from a blown out candle start out a smooth, but eventually swirl and become chaotic and turbulent. The other examples can be intuitively thought of as smooth flow, and thus are laminar.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →