Options - AP Psychology

Sarah's symptoms are consistent with “bipolar disorder,” which includes alternating between periods of depression and mania. By definition, a manic episode must last at least one week and not be induced by drugs or alcohol. Even though Sarah experiences periods of “depression,” bipolar disorder is the more appropriate diagnosis due to her manic episodes. “Borderline personality disorder” includes symptoms related to instability in relationships, emotions, and self-image. “Generalized anxiety disorder” is characterized by excessive anxiety regarding a number of things that induces impaired functioning. Last, “schizophrenia” is a psychotic disorder that involves at least two of the following symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, disorganized behavior, and emotional flattening.

In the preoperational stage (~2-7 years old), a human can speak and understand language, but cannot yet comprehend concrete logic or complex relationships between characteristics of objects. Piaget also characterizes this as a stage of egocentrism.

In the preoperational stage (~2-7 years old), a human can speak and understand language, but cannot yet comprehend concrete logic or complex relationships between characteristics of objects. Piaget also characterizes this as a stage of egocentrism.

Regarding a person's risk of heart disease, the American Psychological Association has stated that mental health is "just" as important as the physical factors that contribute to the risk of heart disease. The methods that individuals use to cope with stress are directly correlated to how the cardiovascular system responds to a stress inducing situation. Individuals that respond to stress with anger or have a history of depression are at an increased risk of heart disease, which includes heart attack and stroke.

Regarding a person's risk of heart disease, the American Psychological Association has stated that mental health is "just" as important as the physical factors that contribute to the risk of heart disease. The methods that individuals use to cope with stress are directly correlated to how the cardiovascular system responds to a stress inducing situation. Individuals that respond to stress with anger or have a history of depression are at an increased risk of heart disease, which includes heart attack and stroke.

Genetics, low serotonin, learned helplessness, and the cognitive triad are all hypothesized to be contributing factors to depression; however, excess levels of dopamine contribute to schizophrenia, not depression.

Learned helplessness is the idea that a person has learned from past experiences that they cannot control parts of their life, which can contribute to depression. Beck's cognitive triad examines the explanations people make about themselves, their future, and their world. When something happens, someone can decide that it was either caused by them or caused by an external factor (internal/external), generalize the event to all events or keep it specific to the event at hand (global / specific), and decide whether he or she thinks it will continue in the future or will end soon (stable/unstable). When someone is depressed, they tend to believe that good events are external, specific, and unstable, while bad events are internal, global, and stable.

Genetics, low serotonin, learned helplessness, and the cognitive triad are all hypothesized to be contributing factors to depression; however, excess levels of dopamine contribute to schizophrenia, not depression.

Learned helplessness is the idea that a person has learned from past experiences that they cannot control parts of their life, which can contribute to depression. Beck's cognitive triad examines the explanations people make about themselves, their future, and their world. When something happens, someone can decide that it was either caused by them or caused by an external factor (internal/external), generalize the event to all events or keep it specific to the event at hand (global / specific), and decide whether he or she thinks it will continue in the future or will end soon (stable/unstable). When someone is depressed, they tend to believe that good events are external, specific, and unstable, while bad events are internal, global, and stable.

Jane is in the preoperational stage of development, which occurs between ages two and seven. During this stage a child is egocentric, or unable to understand the perspective of others, and uses imagery and symbols. Sensorimotor is the first stage that occurs from birth to age two. During this stage a child uses the senses and develops object permanence, or the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. Note that object permanence is not a stage. The concrete operational stage occurs from ages seven to eleven. During this stage a child develops conservation, where a he or she understands that a substance does not change size just because its form changes. The formal operational stage occurs after age eleven and involves abstract logic and reasoning.

Jane is in the preoperational stage of development, which occurs between ages two and seven. During this stage a child is egocentric, or unable to understand the perspective of others, and uses imagery and symbols. Sensorimotor is the first stage that occurs from birth to age two. During this stage a child uses the senses and develops object permanence, or the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. Note that object permanence is not a stage. The concrete operational stage occurs from ages seven to eleven. During this stage a child develops conservation, where a he or she understands that a substance does not change size just because its form changes. The formal operational stage occurs after age eleven and involves abstract logic and reasoning.

It is true that eating disorders primarily effect females; however, contrary to media depictions of eating disorders, males are still considered to be an at-risk population. About a quarter of preadolescent cases of anorexia occur in males. Likewise, the prevalence of binge eating disorder is about the same in males and females.

It is true that eating disorders primarily effect females; however, contrary to media depictions of eating disorders, males are still considered to be an at-risk population. About a quarter of preadolescent cases of anorexia occur in males. Likewise, the prevalence of binge eating disorder is about the same in males and females.

Sarah's symptoms are consistent with “bipolar disorder,” which includes alternating between periods of depression and mania. By definition, a manic episode must last at least one week and not be induced by drugs or alcohol. Even though Sarah experiences periods of “depression,” bipolar disorder is the more appropriate diagnosis due to her manic episodes. “Borderline personality disorder” includes symptoms related to instability in relationships, emotions, and self-image. “Generalized anxiety disorder” is characterized by excessive anxiety regarding a number of things that induces impaired functioning. Last, “schizophrenia” is a psychotic disorder that involves at least two of the following symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, disorganized behavior, and emotional flattening.

In the preoperational stage (~2-7 years old), a human can speak and understand language, but cannot yet comprehend concrete logic or complex relationships between characteristics of objects. Piaget also characterizes this as a stage of egocentrism.

In the preoperational stage (~2-7 years old), a human can speak and understand language, but cannot yet comprehend concrete logic or complex relationships between characteristics of objects. Piaget also characterizes this as a stage of egocentrism.

Regarding a person's risk of heart disease, the American Psychological Association has stated that mental health is "just" as important as the physical factors that contribute to the risk of heart disease. The methods that individuals use to cope with stress are directly correlated to how the cardiovascular system responds to a stress inducing situation. Individuals that respond to stress with anger or have a history of depression are at an increased risk of heart disease, which includes heart attack and stroke.

Regarding a person's risk of heart disease, the American Psychological Association has stated that mental health is "just" as important as the physical factors that contribute to the risk of heart disease. The methods that individuals use to cope with stress are directly correlated to how the cardiovascular system responds to a stress inducing situation. Individuals that respond to stress with anger or have a history of depression are at an increased risk of heart disease, which includes heart attack and stroke.

Genetics, low serotonin, learned helplessness, and the cognitive triad are all hypothesized to be contributing factors to depression; however, excess levels of dopamine contribute to schizophrenia, not depression.

Learned helplessness is the idea that a person has learned from past experiences that they cannot control parts of their life, which can contribute to depression. Beck's cognitive triad examines the explanations people make about themselves, their future, and their world. When something happens, someone can decide that it was either caused by them or caused by an external factor (internal/external), generalize the event to all events or keep it specific to the event at hand (global / specific), and decide whether he or she thinks it will continue in the future or will end soon (stable/unstable). When someone is depressed, they tend to believe that good events are external, specific, and unstable, while bad events are internal, global, and stable.

Genetics, low serotonin, learned helplessness, and the cognitive triad are all hypothesized to be contributing factors to depression; however, excess levels of dopamine contribute to schizophrenia, not depression.

Learned helplessness is the idea that a person has learned from past experiences that they cannot control parts of their life, which can contribute to depression. Beck's cognitive triad examines the explanations people make about themselves, their future, and their world. When something happens, someone can decide that it was either caused by them or caused by an external factor (internal/external), generalize the event to all events or keep it specific to the event at hand (global / specific), and decide whether he or she thinks it will continue in the future or will end soon (stable/unstable). When someone is depressed, they tend to believe that good events are external, specific, and unstable, while bad events are internal, global, and stable.

Jane is in the preoperational stage of development, which occurs between ages two and seven. During this stage a child is egocentric, or unable to understand the perspective of others, and uses imagery and symbols. Sensorimotor is the first stage that occurs from birth to age two. During this stage a child uses the senses and develops object permanence, or the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. Note that object permanence is not a stage. The concrete operational stage occurs from ages seven to eleven. During this stage a child develops conservation, where a he or she understands that a substance does not change size just because its form changes. The formal operational stage occurs after age eleven and involves abstract logic and reasoning.

Jane is in the preoperational stage of development, which occurs between ages two and seven. During this stage a child is egocentric, or unable to understand the perspective of others, and uses imagery and symbols. Sensorimotor is the first stage that occurs from birth to age two. During this stage a child uses the senses and develops object permanence, or the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. Note that object permanence is not a stage. The concrete operational stage occurs from ages seven to eleven. During this stage a child develops conservation, where a he or she understands that a substance does not change size just because its form changes. The formal operational stage occurs after age eleven and involves abstract logic and reasoning.