AP US History Flashcards: The Progressives

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on The Progressives, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP US History.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote?

Answer: The 19th Amendment. Ratified in 1920 after decades of suffragette activism.

Flashcard 2: Identify a key reform movement championed by Progressives.

Answer: Women's suffrage. One of many reforms, including labor rights and government transparency.

Flashcard 3: What did the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 accomplish?

Answer: Strengthened laws against monopolies. Expanded antitrust regulation beyond the Sherman Act.

Flashcard 4: Who was the first woman to serve in the U.S. Congress?

Answer: Jeannette Rankin. Elected to House in 1916 from Montana, pacifist who opposed WWI.

Flashcard 5: Identify a Progressive Era reformer known for advocating social justice.

Answer: Jane Addams. Founded Hull House and advocated for immigrants and the poor.

Flashcard 6: Identify a key figure in the conservation movement of the Progressive Era.

Answer: Gifford Pinchot. First Chief of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt.

Flashcard 7: Which Progressive reform was aimed at political corruption?

Answer: Initiative, referendum, and recall. Gave citizens direct power to propose, vote on, and remove officials.

Flashcard 8: Which amendment created a federal income tax?

Answer: The 16th Amendment. Ratified in 1913 to fund Progressive reforms through taxation.

Flashcard 9: Who was the first president of the United States to win a Nobel Peace Prize?

Answer: Theodore Roosevelt. Won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for mediating the Russo-Japanese War.

Flashcard 10: Which Progressive leader was known for his New Freedom platform?

Answer: Woodrow Wilson. Promoted lower tariffs, banking reform, and stronger antitrust laws.

Flashcard 11: Identify the journalist who exposed the Standard Oil Company.

Answer: Ida Tarbell. Muckraker who wrote 'The History of the Standard Oil Company.'

Flashcard 12: Identify a key figure in the conservation movement of the Progressive Era.

Answer: Gifford Pinchot. First Chief of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt.

Flashcard 13: Which amendment created a federal income tax?

Answer: The 16th Amendment. Ratified in 1913 to fund Progressive reforms through taxation.

Flashcard 14: Which amendment is associated with the direct election of senators?

Answer: The 17th Amendment. Ratified in 1913 to make Senate elections more democratic.

Flashcard 15: What did the 17th Amendment establish?

Answer: Direct election of U.S. Senators. Ratified in 1913 to reduce corruption in Senate elections.

Flashcard 16: What did the 17th Amendment establish?

Answer: Direct election of U.S. Senators. Ratified in 1913 to reduce corruption in Senate elections.

Flashcard 17: Which Progressive leader was known for his New Freedom platform?

Answer: Woodrow Wilson. Promoted lower tariffs, banking reform, and stronger antitrust laws.

Flashcard 18: What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?

Answer: To create a central banking system. Established the Federal Reserve to stabilize the banking system.

Flashcard 19: Who wrote 'The Jungle,' exposing conditions in the meatpacking industry?

Answer: Upton Sinclair. His 1906 novel led to federal meat inspection laws.

Flashcard 20: What was the main goal of the National Consumers League?

Answer: To improve wages and working conditions. Used consumer pressure to improve labor conditions and wages.

Flashcard 21: Which Progressive reform was aimed at improving public health?

Answer: Sanitation reforms. Improved sewage systems and clean water access in cities.

Flashcard 22: Who was a prominent leader in the Progressive Movement?

Answer: Theodore Roosevelt. Known for trust-busting and conservation efforts as president.

Flashcard 23: What did the Keating-Owen Act of 1916 address?

Answer: Child labor. Banned interstate shipment of goods made with child labor.

Flashcard 24: Identify a strategy used by Progressives to regulate big business.

Answer: Antitrust laws. Used to break up monopolies and promote fair competition.

Flashcard 25: Which Progressive reform led to the establishment of national parks?

Answer: Conservation movement. Roosevelt's conservation efforts protected millions of acres of land.

Flashcard 26: Name the act that established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

Answer: Federal Trade Commission Act. Passed in 1914 to enforce antitrust laws and protect consumers.

Flashcard 27: What was the main focus of the Temperance Movement?

Answer: Prohibition of alcohol. Led to the 18th Amendment banning alcohol in 1919.

Flashcard 28: Which president was known for his 'Square Deal' domestic policies?

Answer: Theodore Roosevelt. His domestic program focused on consumer protection and conservation.

Flashcard 29: What was the main purpose of the Hepburn Act of 1906?

Answer: To regulate railroad rates. Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission's regulatory power.

Flashcard 30: What legislation aimed to break up monopolies during the Progressive Era?

Answer: Sherman Antitrust Act. First major federal antitrust law, passed in 1890.

Flashcard 31: What did the Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 regulate?

Answer: Telecommunications and railroads. Extended ICC regulation to telephone, telegraph, and cable companies.

Flashcard 32: Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote?

Answer: The 19th Amendment. Ratified in 1920 after decades of suffragette activism.

Flashcard 33: What was the main goal of the Progressive Movement?

Answer: To address problems caused by industrialization and urbanization. Progressives sought reform to fix social and economic problems of the Gilded Age.

Flashcard 34: What was the main objective of the muckrakers?

Answer: To expose corruption and societal issues. Investigative journalists who revealed political and corporate corruption.

Flashcard 35: What was the main objective of the Progressive education reform?

Answer: To promote public education and child-centered learning. John Dewey led reforms emphasizing practical skills and critical thinking.

Flashcard 36: Which event highlighted the need for labor reform and worker safety?

Answer: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire. 1911 factory fire killed 146 workers, spurring workplace safety laws.

Flashcard 37: What was the main purpose of the Hepburn Act of 1906?

Answer: To regulate railroad rates. Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission's regulatory power.

Flashcard 38: Name a prominent African American leader during the Progressive Era.

Answer: W.E.B. Du Bois. Co-founded the NAACP and advocated for civil rights.

Flashcard 39: What was the primary goal of the National Child Labor Committee?

Answer: To end child labor. Founded in 1904 to advocate for children's welfare and education.

Flashcard 40: What did the 18th Amendment achieve?

Answer: Prohibition of alcohol. Ratified in 1919, later repealed by the 21st Amendment.

Flashcard 41: Identify the Progressive Era organization focused on labor rights.

Answer: American Federation of Labor (AFL). Led by Samuel Gompers, focused on skilled workers' rights.

Flashcard 42: Who founded the Hull House in Chicago?

Answer: Jane Addams. Established America's first settlement house in 1889.

Flashcard 43: What was the purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906?

Answer: To regulate the labeling and safety of food and pharmaceuticals. Passed after 'The Jungle' exposed unsanitary conditions in food production.

Flashcard 44: Which Progressive reform aimed to improve urban living conditions?

Answer: Settlement house movement. Provided services and education to urban poor and immigrants.

Flashcard 45: Which reformer focused on civil rights for African Americans?

Answer: Booker T. Washington. Promoted vocational education and gradual progress for African Americans.

Flashcard 46: What legislation aimed to break up monopolies during the Progressive Era?

Answer: Sherman Antitrust Act. First major federal antitrust law, passed in 1890.

Flashcard 47: Which movement aimed to provide women with equal rights?

Answer: Women's suffrage movement. Culminated in the 19th Amendment granting voting rights in 1920.