The Hundred Years' War was more a procession of separate conflicts fought between 1337 and 1453 between England and France. Most of the conflicts stemmed from the English crown's possessions in France. England wanted to maintain and expand these possessions; France sought to take them back for itself. Eventually, France won out, and England lost all of its French territory.

Tanganyika was a part of German East Africa, a colony lost to the British and Belgium after World War I. Britain administered Tanganyika until its independence as a Commonwealth nation from 1961 to 1964. It joined with the Zanzibar archipelago known as the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba in 1964.

Starting in the 11th century, many Western kings consolidated their power into more modern states. These included France, England, and Spain, as well as others. The other answers are incorrect because they are not events that occurred in the European Middle Ages.

The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) was fought between French and English Kings for French possession of previously English held territories in the south of France, namely Aquitaine. Joan of Arc fought in the last phase of the war (1429-1453) and her efforts at the siege of Orleans sparked the French's revived efforts against the English. Although Joan was captured and burned at the stake in 1431, the French ultimately emerged victorious, reincorporating Aquitaine back into their empire.

The Frankish Carolingian Dynasty established its empire across much of Europe, but its reign did not last long. Internal conflicts, as well as external threats, caused the empire to decline rapidly. The other answers are incorrect because they either refer to famous names/dynasties from the Middle Ages (Tudor, Merovingian) or to other greater empires from the period (Byzantine, Ottoman)

The unification of Germany occurred just as European powers were beginning to create colonies in Africa; thus, Germany was able to gain control of South West Africa (Namibia) and German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania). Southeast Asia was dominated by France, Central Asia was largely controlled by Russia (with some British outposts, e.g. in Afghanistan), and the Middle East/West Asia was part of the Ottoman Empire (although Egypt was largely controlled by Britain). China remained an independent state, although the central government was greatly weakened by European and American influences.

The macuahuitl is a common Aztec weapon consisting of a wooden blade with obsidian shards as a cutting surface.

The Olmecs are among the earliest cultures of Mesoamerica and predated all of the other answers - as well as developing the salient social features - so they would be the best answer. The Maya appear to follow the Olmec by approximately five centuries, so while they were an early and influential civilization, they would not be the best answer. The Aztec came to power in the 14th century, so they too would not be a good answer. Lastly, the Inca were a long-lasting civilization, but they were not Mesoamerican, so they would not be the best answer.

Tanganyika was a part of German East Africa, a colony lost to the British and Belgium after World War I. Britain administered Tanganyika until its independence as a Commonwealth nation from 1961 to 1964. It joined with the Zanzibar archipelago known as the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba in 1964.

The macuahuitl is a common Aztec weapon consisting of a wooden blade with obsidian shards as a cutting surface.