Understanding Biological Fitness - Biology

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Question

Biological fitness is defined as                     .

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Answer

The biological fitness of an organism is dependent on its ability to survive and reproduce in a given environment. If different traits or alleles increase the fitness of an organism, those alleles will consequently increase in the gene pool, and that trait will increase in the population. This is how natural selection affects a population.

There is inherent trade-off in biological fitness. A trait that increases ability to survive, but makes an individual sterile, decreases fitness because the organism cannot produce offspring to carry on the trait. Similarly, if a trait increases the ability to reproduce, but makes it harder to the organism to survive, it may die before being able to produce offspring. Both survival and reproduction are essential to defining the fitness of an organism.

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