Which of the following activities is most closely associated with the 'Testing' phase of the SDLC?
- Gathering business requirements from end users and stakeholders.
- Executing test plans to verify the system meets requirements, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing. (correct answer)
- Deploying the completed system to the production environment.
- Defining the project scope and obtaining executive approval.
Explanation: The Testing phase verifies system functionality through progressive testing: unit tests (individual components), integration tests (interactions), system tests (full system), and UAT (business acceptance). Answer B is correct. Requirements gathering (A) is Analysis. Production deployment (C) is Implementation. Project scope (D) is Planning.