Using Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots to Identify Synonyms - ISEE Lower Level Verbal Reasoning

The Latin root "grat" means pleasing and is found in other English words like "gratitude" (thankfulness), "gratuity" (a tip given to a service worker to demonstrate your satisfaction as a customer) and "ingrate" (someone who is not thankful for something for which he or she should be thankful). The suffix "-ful" usually means full of (some emotion). Thus, it makes sense that “grateful” means pleased by and thankful for something. For example, if you had to move a lot of heavy furniture into a building that had no elevator, you would probably be very grateful if any of your friends offered to help you move.

"Flex" means bend and the suffix "-ible" means able to be, so "flexible" means able to bend or be bent easily, and "bendable" is the correct answer. “Rigid” is the opposite of “flexible"; it means strong, sturdy, and unable to have its shape changed easily; “stern” means very strict; “stable” means steady or unchanging; and "rough" means having a coarse and grating texture.

The suffix -spec means look so to "inspect" something is to look at it. "Love" is an emotion, and is not related on word level to "inspect." "Smile" and "laugh" are both things that you might do while inspecting something, but they're not actually related to the word in anything but an incidental way.

The prefix in- means not and the suffix -able means able to be. So, "incurable" means unable to be cured. This is closest in meaning to "deadly." Additionally, "probable" means likely; "edible" means able to be eaten; "envious" means jealous, wanting something that someone else has; "brainy" means clever.

The suffix -ator means person who does. As in "protestor," which means person who protests or "demonstrator," which means a person who demonstrates against. These two words are synonyms. So, an "agitator" is someone who agitates. To "agitate" means to disturb, to cause trouble. The correct answer is therefore "troublemaker." Additionally, a "moderator" is someone who oversees a debate; a "guardian" is a protector, someone who protects.

The prefix a- means not and the suffix -theist means God. So, an "atheist" is someone who does not believe in God. This is closest in meaning to "nonbeliever." Additionally, a "deity" is a God; an "agnostic" is someone who is unsure as to whether or not God exists; a "fanatic" is someone who follows something passionately; an "editor" is a person who edits and makes decisions regarding the content of things like newspapers and magazines.

The suffix -ify means to make into. So, "purify" means to make pure. This is closest in meaning to "clean." Additionally, "revere" means deeply respect and admire; "improve" means make better; "detract" means take away from.

The suffix -less means without. As in, "hopeless" which means without hope. So, "worthless" means without worth. Which is closest in definition to "unimportant." Other synonyms include "insignificant" and "useless." Additionally, "inexpensive" means not expensive; "homely" means unattractive, plain in appearance; "abrupt" means happening suddenly and unexpectedly; "materialistic" means overly worried about image, money and looks. Based on these words what do you think the prefixes un- and in- mean?

The suffix -clud means close. As in "reclusive" which describes someone who likes to be closed indoors away from others. So, "conclude" means to bring to a close, to finish. Additionally, "commence" means begin; "beam" means smile widely; "harass" means annoy, irritate, pester, bother; "radiate" means emit, give off (energy).

The suffix -ful means full of. As in, "eventful" which means full of interesting events, busy. So, "frightful" means full of frights, scary. Additionally, "soothing" means calming; "combative" means eager to fight, argumentative; "snobbish" means elitist, thinking you are better than someone else; "doubtful" means not likely to happen , full of doubt.

The prefix trans- means across, through and the suffix -mit means send. So, to "transmit" something means to send an idea from one person to another, to relay information, to communicate. Additionally, "replicate" means copy; "elevate" means raise to a higher level; "domesticate" means tame, make a wild animal into a pet; "aggregate" means a whole formed from the sum of multiple parts.

The suffix -cide means kill. As in, "suicide" which means to kill oneself. So, "homicide" is to kill another person, murder. Additionally, a "villain" is the bad-guy in a story; "medicine" is what is used to treat diseases; a "legend" is a traditional story passed down over generations.

The suffix -ize means to make into, to change. So, "sterilize" means to make sterile. "Sterile" means free from disease and dirt. This is closest in meaning to "clean." So, "sterilize" means to make something clean. Additionally, "improve" means make better; "surround" means to be all around something.

The suffix -ance means in the process of. As in "maintenance" which means in the process of being maintained, fixed, and renovated. So, a "performance" is the process of performing or a show. Additionally, a "tribe" is a small group of people who have a unique culture and identity; the "cast" are the actors in a performance; a "script" is the writing used for performances, like in television or a play; a "voyage" is a journey, a movement from one place to another.

If you rejuvenate something such as wilting flowers, it means that you make them new again or refresh them.

In the word "enrage," the prefix "en-" means into and is derived from French. So, the word “enrage” means make angry. The answer choice closest in meaning to "enrage" is “infuriate.” Notice how the word “enrage” has the root _"_rage" in it and the word “infuriate” has the root "fury" in it; "rage" and "fury" both mean intense anger. To provide further help, “toss” means throw when used as a verb or a throw when used as a noun; “equate” means compare to as being equal; “jest” means joke when used as a noun or as a verb; and “remedy” means fix or make better when used as a verb, and something that fixes a problem when used as a noun.

“Lawful” means allowed or within the law so “unlawful” must mean not allowed or not within the law. “Illegal” is the closest synonym. To provide further help, “despite” means regardless of something; a “famine” is a massive scarcity of food; “malevolent” means bad-natured and “benevolent” means good-natured.

The word "preamble" is composed of two parts. The prefix "pre-" means before—as you likely know from words like "precede" and, of course, "prefix." The "-amble" portion is a bit rarer. It comes from the Latin for to walk and is found in words like "amble" and "ambulatory." (The latter means able to walk.) The "preamble" of a document is the beginning portion—the part that "walks before" the rest of the document. It is the "introduction" to the document. It does not necessarily outline or explain the document, though it can. Primarily, what it means to be a "preamble" is to be an introduction or a beginning to a text.

Even if you have never seen the word "polychromatic," you can find the correct answer by breaking the word into parts. Notice the prefix, "poly-," that precedes "chromatic." "Poly-" is a Greek prefix that means "many." Have you ever heard of a "polygon," or a closed shape formed of many line segments? Or the lesser-known term "polyglot," referring to a speaker of many languages? It can also help to know that "chromatic" refers to color or hue. As for the incorrect answers, "rare" means unusual, "livid" means furiously angry, and "malevolent" describes someone who has evil or cruel intentions. Lastly, a "porous" object is one with many holes.

Though you may not be familiar with this word, you've almost certainly seen the prefix "in-" many times. Just think of the words "incapable" (not capable), "insufficient" (not sufficient), or even "inexplicable" (not able to be explained). As these examples show, the addition of "in-" to a root word generally gives it an opposite meaning. Now, the only step left is to look at "-equity," a word that refers to equality or sameness. "Inequity," then, is inequality or "unfairness," which is the correct answer choice. "Equality" is the opposite of the choice we're looking for, while "benefit," "quality," and "relaxation" are not relevant.