Finding Indefinite Integrals - Math

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Question

$\int \frac{3}{x}=$

Answer

The integral of $\frac{1}{x}$ is $\ln \left | x \right |+C$ . The constant 3 is simply multiplied by the integral.

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Question

Evaluate the integral below:

$f(x)=\int \frac{dx}{x^2-16}$

Answer

In this case we have a rational function as $\frac{N(x)}{D(x)}$ , where

and

$D(x)=\frac{1}{x^2-16}$

can be written as a product of linear factors:

$\frac{1}{x^2-16}=\frac{1}{(x-4)(x+4)}\equiv \frac{A}{x-4}+\frac{B}{x+4}$

It is assumed that A and B are certain constants to be evaluated. Denominators can be cleared by multiplying both sides by (x - 4)(x + 4). So we get:

First we substitute x = -4 into the produced equation:

$1=-8B\Rightarrow B=-\frac{1}{8}$

Then we substitute x = 4 into the equation:

$1=8A\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{8}$

Thus:

$\frac{1}{(x-4)(x+4)}=\frac{1}{8}\frac{1}{x-4}-\frac{1}{8}\frac{1}{x+4}$

Hence:

$\int \frac{dx}{x^2-16}=\int(\frac{1}{8}\frac{1}{x-4}-\frac{1}{8}\frac{1}{x+4})dx$

$=\frac{1}{8}ln\left | x-4 \right |-\frac{1}{8}ln\left |x+4 \right |+c$

$=\frac{1}{8}(ln\left | x-4 \right |-ln\left |x+4 \right |)+c$

$=\frac{1}{8}ln\left | \frac{x-4}{x+4}\right |+c$

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Question

$\int cos(x)\sin(x){\mathrm{d} x}=?$

Answer

To integrate $\cos(x)\sin(x)$ , we need to get the two equations in terms of each other. We are going to use "u-substitution" to create a new variable, , which will equal $\cos(x)$ .

Now, if $u=\cos(x)$ , then

$\frac{\mathrm{d}u }{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{\mathrm{d} }{\mathrm{d} x}\cos(x)=-sin(x)$

Multiply both sides by $\mathrm d {x}$ to get the more familiar:

${\mathrm{d} u}=-\sin(x)\mathrm{d}x$

Note that our $\mathrm d{u}=-\sin(x)$ , and our original equation was asking for a positive $\sin(x)$ .

That means if we want $\int\cos(x)\sin(x)$ in terms of , it looks like this:

$\int u\cdot (-\mathrm d{u}})$

Bring the negative sign to the outside:

$-\int u\mathrm d{u}$ .

We can use the power rule to find the integral of :

$-(\frac{1}{2}u^2+c)$

Since we said that $u=\cos(x)$ , we can plug that back into the equation to get our answer:

$-(\frac{1}{2}\cos^2(x)+c)$

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Question

What is the anti-derivative of ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral of our expression, we can use the reverse power rule.

To use the reverse power rule, we raise the exponent of the by one and then divide by that new exponent.

First we need to realize that . From there we can solve:

$\int2x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{2x^{1+1}}{1+1}+c$

When taking an integral, be sure to include a at the end of everything. stands for "constant". Since taking the derivative of a constant whole number will always equal , we include the to anticipate the possiblity of the equation actually being or instead of just .

$\int2x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{2x^{2}}{2}+c$

$\int2x{\mathrm{d} x}=x^2+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral of our equation, we can use the reverse power rule.

To use the reverse power rule, we raise the exponent of the by one and then divide by that new exponent.

Remember that, when taking the integral, we treat constants as that number times $x^{0}$ since anything to the zero power is . For example, treat as .

$\int x^3+2{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{3+1}}{3+1}+\frac{2x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

When taking an integral, be sure to include a at the end of everything. stands for "constant". Since taking the derivative of a constant whole number will always equal , we include the to anticipate the possiblity of the equation actually being or instead of just .

$\int x^3+2{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{4}}{4}+\frac{2x^{1}}{1}+c$

$\int x^3+2{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{4}x^4+2x+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral of our equation, we can use the reverse power rule.

To use the reverse power rule, we raise the exponent of the by one and then divide by that new exponent.

Remember that, when taking the integral, we treat constants as that number times $x^{0}$ , since anything to the zero power is . Treat as .

$\int x+18{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{1+1}}{1+1}+\frac{18x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

When taking an integral, be sure to include a . stands for "constant". Since taking the derivative of a constant whole number will always equal , we include the to anticipate the possiblity of the equation actually being or instead of just .

$\int x+18{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{2}}{2}+\frac{18x^{1}}{1}+c$

$\int x+18{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{2}x^2+18x+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of $\sin(x)$ ?

Answer

$\sin(x)$ is a special function.

The indefinite integral is $\int \sin(x) {\mathrm{d} x}=-\cos(x)+c$ .

Even though it is a special function, we still need to include a . stands for "constant". Since taking the derivative of a constant whole number will always equal , we include the to anticipate the possiblity of the equation actually being or instead of just .

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of $\frac{1}{3}x^2$ ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral of our equation, we can use the reverse power rule.

To use the reverse power rule, we raise the exponent of the by one and then divide by that new exponent.

$\int \frac{1}{3}x^2{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{3}\frac{x^{2+1}}{2+1}+c$

When taking an integral, be sure to include a . stands for "constant". Since taking the derivative of a constant whole number will always equal , we include the to anticipate the possiblity of the equation actually being or instead of just .

$\int \frac{1}{3}x^2{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{3}\frac{x^{3}}{3}+c$

$\int \frac{1}{3}x^2{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{9}x^3+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To solve for the indefinite integral, we can use the reverse power rule. We raise the power of the exponents by one and divide by that new exponent. For this problem, that would look like:

$\int x^2+5x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{2+1}}{2+1}+\frac{5x^{1+1}}{1+1}+c$

Remember, when taking an integral, definite or indefinite, we always add , as there could be a constant involved.

$\int x^2+5x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{3}}{3}+\frac{5x^{2}}{2}+c$

$\int x^2+5x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{3}x^3+\frac{5}{2}x^2+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To solve for the indefinite integral, we can use the reverse power rule. We raise the power of the exponents by one and divide by that new exponent. For this problem, that would look like:

$\int 5x+8{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{5x^{1+1}}{1+1}+\frac{8x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

Remember, when taking an integral, definite or indefinite, we always add , as there could be a constant involved.

$\int 5x+8{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{5x^{2}}{2}+\frac{8x^{1}}{1}+c$

$\int 5x+8{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{5}{2}x^2+8x +c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To solve for the indefinite integral, we can use the reverse power rule. We raise the power of the exponents by one and divide by that new exponent.

We're going to treat as , as anything to the zero power is one.

For this problem, that would look like:

$\int x^3+2x+5{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{3+1}}{3+1}+\frac{2x^{1+1}}{1+1}+\frac{5x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

Remember, when taking an integral, definite or indefinite, we always add , as there could be a constant involved.

$\int x^3+2x+5{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{4}}{4}+\frac{2x^{2}}{2}+\frac{5x^{1}}{1}+c$

$\int x^3+2x+5{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{4}x^4+x^2+5x+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To solve this problem, we can use the anti-power rule or reverse power rule. We raise the exponent on the variables by one and divide by the new exponent.

For this problem, we'll treat as since anything to the zero power is one.

$\int 6x^2+8{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{6x^{2+1}}{2+1}+\frac{8x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

Since the derivative of any constant is , when we take the indefinite integral, we add a to compensate for any constant that might be there.

From here we can simplify.

$\int 6x^2+8{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{6x^{3}}{3}+\frac{8x^{1}}{1}+c$

$\int 6x^2+8{\mathrm{d} x}=2x^3+8x+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To solve this problem, we can use the anti-power rule or reverse power rule. We raise the exponent on the variables by one and divide by the new exponent.

For this problem, we'll treat as since anything to the zero power is one.

$\int x+1{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{1+1}}{1+1}+\frac{1x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

Since the derivative of any constant is , when we take the indefinite integral, we add a to compensate for any constant that might be there.

From here we can simplify.

$\int x+1{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{2}}{2}+\frac{x^{1}}{1}+c$

$\int x+1{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{2}x^2+x+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To solve this problem, we can use the anti-power rule or reverse power rule. We raise the exponent on the variables by one and divide by the new exponent.

For this problem, we'll treat as since anything to the zero power is one.

$\int 12x^2+13x+4{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{12x^{2+1}}{2+1}+\frac{13x^{1+1}}{1+1}+\frac{4x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

Since the derivative of any constant is , when we take the indefinite integral, we add a to compensate for any constant that might be there.

From here we can simplify.

$\int 12x^2+13x+4{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{12x^{3}}{3}+\frac{13x^{2}}{2}+\frac{4x^{1}}{1}+c$

$\int 12x^2+13x+4{\mathrm{d} x}=4x^3+\frac{13}{2}x^2+4x+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of $2x^4+\frac{1}{2}x$ ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral, we can use the reverse power rule: we raise the exponent by one and then divide by our new exponent.

$\int 2x^4+\frac{1}{2}x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{2x^{4+1}}{4+1}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}x^{1+1}}{1+1}+c$

Remember when taking the indefinite integral to include a to cover any potential constants.

Simplify.

$\int 2x^4+\frac{1}{2}x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{2x^{5}}{5}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}x^{2}}{2}+c$

$\int 2x^4+\frac{1}{2}x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{2}{5}x^5+\frac{1}{4}x^{2}+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral, we can use the reverse power rule: we raise the exponent by one and then divide by our new exponent.

We are going to treat as since anything to the zero power is one.

$\int 3x+12{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{3x^{1+1}}{1+1}+\frac{12x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

Remember when taking the indefinite integral to include a to cover any potential constants.

Simplify.

$\int 3x+12{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{3x^{2}}{2}+\frac{12x^{1}}{1}+c$

$\int 3x+12{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{3}{2}x^2+12x+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral, we use the reverse power rule. That means we raise the exponent on the variables by one and then divide by the new exponent.

$\int 5x^2+12x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{5x^{2+1}}{2+1}+\frac{12x^{1+1}}{1+1}+c$

Remember to include a when computing integrals. This is a place holder for any constant that might be in the new expression.

$\int 5x^2+12x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{5x^{3}}{3}+\frac{12x^{2}}{2}+c$

$\int 5x^2+12x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{5}{3}x^3+\frac{12}{2}x^2+c$

$\int 5x^2+12x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{5}{3}x^3+6x^2+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral, we use the reverse power rule. That means we raise the exponent on the variables by one and then divide by the new exponent.

$\int -8x^2+15{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{-8x^{2+1}}{2+1}+\frac{15x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

Remember to include a when doing integrals. This is a placeholder for any constant that might be in the new expression.

$\int -8x^2+15{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{-8x^{3}}{3}+\frac{15x^{1}}{1}+c$

$\int -8x^2+15{\mathrm{d} x}=-\frac{8}{3}x^3+15x+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral, we can use the reverse power rule. Raise the exponent of the variable by one and then divide by that new exponent.

We're going to treat as .

$\int x^3+2x^2+5{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{3+1}}{3+1}+\frac{2x^{2+1}}{2+1}+\frac{5x^{0+1}}{0+1}+c$

Remember to include the when taking the integral to compensate for any constant.

$\int x^3+2x^2+5{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{x^{4}}{4}+\frac{2x^{3}}{3}+\frac{5x^{1}}{1}+c$

Simplify.

$\int x^3+2x^2+5{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{1}{4}x^4+\frac{2}{3}x^3+5x+c$

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Question

What is the indefinite integral of $4x^2+\frac{2}{3}x$ ?

Answer

To find the indefinite integral, we can use the reverse power rule. We raise the exponent of the variable by one and divide by our new exponent.

$\int 4x^2+\frac{2}{3}x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{4x^{2+1}}{2+1}+\frac{\frac{2}{3}x^{1+1}}{1+1}+c$

Remember to include a to cover any potential constant that might be in our new equation.

$\int 4x^2+\frac{2}{3}x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{4x^{3}}{3}+\frac{\frac{2}{3}x^{2}}{2}+c$

$\int 4x^2+\frac{2}{3}x{\mathrm{d} x}=\frac{4}{3}x^3+\frac{1}{3}x^2+c$

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