Female Reproductive Physiology - MCAT Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems
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The hormones FSH and LH are involed in oogenesis in women. When LH surges in the ovarian cycle, what event will result?
The hormones FSH and LH are involed in oogenesis in women. When LH surges in the ovarian cycle, what event will result?
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Follicles are stimulated to grow when FSH level rises. The follicles produce estrogen that exerts a positive feedback on LH, whose levele begin to rise. When LH levels peak on the 14th day of the cycle, the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg from the ovary and leaving the corpus luteum behind in the ovary. After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone to inhibit GnRH. When GnRH is inhibited, FSH and LH will also be inhibited.
Follicles are stimulated to grow when FSH level rises. The follicles produce estrogen that exerts a positive feedback on LH, whose levele begin to rise. When LH levels peak on the 14th day of the cycle, the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg from the ovary and leaving the corpus luteum behind in the ovary. After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone to inhibit GnRH. When GnRH is inhibited, FSH and LH will also be inhibited.
An environmental toxin has been found to directly disrupt normal gamete production in women. What tissue or organ is the toxin likely localizing to?
An environmental toxin has been found to directly disrupt normal gamete production in women. What tissue or organ is the toxin likely localizing to?
Tap to see back →
The most likely localization of the toxin would be to the ovaries, since this is where gamete production begins for females. For males, gametes are produced in the testes. The incorrect answers are all parts of the female reproductive system. The oviduct is where fertilization takes place. The endometrium (the lining of the uterus) is where the embryo will eventually implant.
The most likely localization of the toxin would be to the ovaries, since this is where gamete production begins for females. For males, gametes are produced in the testes. The incorrect answers are all parts of the female reproductive system. The oviduct is where fertilization takes place. The endometrium (the lining of the uterus) is where the embryo will eventually implant.
Which of the following describes the function of follicle-stimulating hormone in females?
Which of the following describes the function of follicle-stimulating hormone in females?
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Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of granulosa cells surrounding the primary oocyte within the ovary, which further promotes maturity of the immature follicle. Prolactin is the hormone that promotes milk production from mammary glands during pregnancy. In females, luteinizing hormone (LH) supports theca cells in the ovaries, which subsequently give rise to precursors to estrogen production. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism by increasing basal metabolic rate.
Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of granulosa cells surrounding the primary oocyte within the ovary, which further promotes maturity of the immature follicle. Prolactin is the hormone that promotes milk production from mammary glands during pregnancy. In females, luteinizing hormone (LH) supports theca cells in the ovaries, which subsequently give rise to precursors to estrogen production. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism by increasing basal metabolic rate.
Progesterone is primarily secreted by which of the following structures?
Progesterone is primarily secreted by which of the following structures?
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The corpus luteum is the remnant structure of the secondary follicle after the egg is released during ovulation. It secretes progesterone following this process. The other structures do not release appreciable amounts of progesterone; the primary follicle differentiates into the secondary follicle, which in turn releases the ovum, or the egg. The spermatozoon is involved with the fertilization of the egg, and does not release any progesterone.
The corpus luteum is the remnant structure of the secondary follicle after the egg is released during ovulation. It secretes progesterone following this process. The other structures do not release appreciable amounts of progesterone; the primary follicle differentiates into the secondary follicle, which in turn releases the ovum, or the egg. The spermatozoon is involved with the fertilization of the egg, and does not release any progesterone.
The presence of which of the following hormones can determine if a woman is two weeks pregnant?
The presence of which of the following hormones can determine if a woman is two weeks pregnant?
Tap to see back →
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by a fertilized egg and can be detected about six days after conception; it is only found in pregnant women, and can be used to help detect pregnancy.
The other answers are hormones that are present in both pregnant and nonpregnant women, so they cannot be used to determine pregnancy.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by a fertilized egg and can be detected about six days after conception; it is only found in pregnant women, and can be used to help detect pregnancy.
The other answers are hormones that are present in both pregnant and nonpregnant women, so they cannot be used to determine pregnancy.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of a follicle in the ovary, a process that occurs .
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of a follicle in the ovary, a process that occurs .
Tap to see back →
At puberty, the oocytes arrested at birth in meiosis I resume growth. This most often happens once a month, if fertilization has not occurred, and continues from puberty until menopause. The oocytes arrested at birth complete meiosis I, and are then arrested in meiosis II until fertilization occurs. During ovulation, the follicle ruptures and develops into the corpus luteum. Without fertilization, the endometrium is shed and the cycle continues. Once menopause is reached, this cycle ceases and most often women are no longer fertile.
At puberty, the oocytes arrested at birth in meiosis I resume growth. This most often happens once a month, if fertilization has not occurred, and continues from puberty until menopause. The oocytes arrested at birth complete meiosis I, and are then arrested in meiosis II until fertilization occurs. During ovulation, the follicle ruptures and develops into the corpus luteum. Without fertilization, the endometrium is shed and the cycle continues. Once menopause is reached, this cycle ceases and most often women are no longer fertile.
Passage:
In a fictional universe, a new life form is discovered that appears to have a number of similarities to humans. Since its discovery by humans, it has been studied with x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography imaging (CT), as well as with blood chemistries and laboratory studies. Based upon such analyses, scientists have found that both structurally and functionally, this fictional species, called Lorempis marengis, is highly similar to humans. It has structures that appear similar to lungs that are active during respiration. It has a structure that is highly active at all times, especially so in different parts during different activities (similar to the human brain). It also appears to have a digestive tract with a mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus that is assumed to carry out the same functions at the cellular level as the parts of the human digestive tract. Scientists are now hoping to continue studying the organism at the cellular level to confirm their assumption that the cellular functions are indeed similar to those of human tissues.
If we assume that Lorempis marengis female reproductive anatomy is identical to that of humans, in which of the following organs are eggs most likely to be stored in Lorempis marengis females?
Passage:
In a fictional universe, a new life form is discovered that appears to have a number of similarities to humans. Since its discovery by humans, it has been studied with x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography imaging (CT), as well as with blood chemistries and laboratory studies. Based upon such analyses, scientists have found that both structurally and functionally, this fictional species, called Lorempis marengis, is highly similar to humans. It has structures that appear similar to lungs that are active during respiration. It has a structure that is highly active at all times, especially so in different parts during different activities (similar to the human brain). It also appears to have a digestive tract with a mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus that is assumed to carry out the same functions at the cellular level as the parts of the human digestive tract. Scientists are now hoping to continue studying the organism at the cellular level to confirm their assumption that the cellular functions are indeed similar to those of human tissues.
If we assume that Lorempis marengis female reproductive anatomy is identical to that of humans, in which of the following organs are eggs most likely to be stored in Lorempis marengis females?
Tap to see back →
The most likely site of egg (also know as ovum) storage in Lorempis marengis females is the ovaries. This is the correct answer because we are told to assume that Lorempis marengis female reproductive anatomy is identical to that of humans, and in human females, the site of egg storage is the ovaries.
Females are born with all of the eggs that they will have throughout their lifespan, and they are stored in the ovaries. When females begin menarche, ovulation begins, in which a single egg is released from one of the ovaries every 28-35 days (until menopause) in preparation for fertilization by sperm. The egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, also known as the oviduct, at which time it may be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization successfully occurs, then the fertilized egg, also known as the zygote, travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus, where it may implant and continue to develop, eventually into a fetus. Thus, each of the above answer choices, other than ovaries, is incorrect, as they represent structures within the female reproductive tract that do not store eggs, but rather are sites than an egg may pass through after it is stored and released from the ovary.
Bartholin's Glands is an incorrect choice, as they are not sites of egg storage, but rather they serve to secrete lubricating mucus to the vagina.
The most likely site of egg (also know as ovum) storage in Lorempis marengis females is the ovaries. This is the correct answer because we are told to assume that Lorempis marengis female reproductive anatomy is identical to that of humans, and in human females, the site of egg storage is the ovaries.
Females are born with all of the eggs that they will have throughout their lifespan, and they are stored in the ovaries. When females begin menarche, ovulation begins, in which a single egg is released from one of the ovaries every 28-35 days (until menopause) in preparation for fertilization by sperm. The egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, also known as the oviduct, at which time it may be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization successfully occurs, then the fertilized egg, also known as the zygote, travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus, where it may implant and continue to develop, eventually into a fetus. Thus, each of the above answer choices, other than ovaries, is incorrect, as they represent structures within the female reproductive tract that do not store eggs, but rather are sites than an egg may pass through after it is stored and released from the ovary.
Bartholin's Glands is an incorrect choice, as they are not sites of egg storage, but rather they serve to secrete lubricating mucus to the vagina.
The hormones FSH and LH are involed in oogenesis in women. When LH surges in the ovarian cycle, what event will result?
The hormones FSH and LH are involed in oogenesis in women. When LH surges in the ovarian cycle, what event will result?
Tap to see back →
Follicles are stimulated to grow when FSH level rises. The follicles produce estrogen that exerts a positive feedback on LH, whose levele begin to rise. When LH levels peak on the 14th day of the cycle, the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg from the ovary and leaving the corpus luteum behind in the ovary. After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone to inhibit GnRH. When GnRH is inhibited, FSH and LH will also be inhibited.
Follicles are stimulated to grow when FSH level rises. The follicles produce estrogen that exerts a positive feedback on LH, whose levele begin to rise. When LH levels peak on the 14th day of the cycle, the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg from the ovary and leaving the corpus luteum behind in the ovary. After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone to inhibit GnRH. When GnRH is inhibited, FSH and LH will also be inhibited.
An environmental toxin has been found to directly disrupt normal gamete production in women. What tissue or organ is the toxin likely localizing to?
An environmental toxin has been found to directly disrupt normal gamete production in women. What tissue or organ is the toxin likely localizing to?
Tap to see back →
The most likely localization of the toxin would be to the ovaries, since this is where gamete production begins for females. For males, gametes are produced in the testes. The incorrect answers are all parts of the female reproductive system. The oviduct is where fertilization takes place. The endometrium (the lining of the uterus) is where the embryo will eventually implant.
The most likely localization of the toxin would be to the ovaries, since this is where gamete production begins for females. For males, gametes are produced in the testes. The incorrect answers are all parts of the female reproductive system. The oviduct is where fertilization takes place. The endometrium (the lining of the uterus) is where the embryo will eventually implant.
Which of the following describes the function of follicle-stimulating hormone in females?
Which of the following describes the function of follicle-stimulating hormone in females?
Tap to see back →
Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of granulosa cells surrounding the primary oocyte within the ovary, which further promotes maturity of the immature follicle. Prolactin is the hormone that promotes milk production from mammary glands during pregnancy. In females, luteinizing hormone (LH) supports theca cells in the ovaries, which subsequently give rise to precursors to estrogen production. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism by increasing basal metabolic rate.
Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of granulosa cells surrounding the primary oocyte within the ovary, which further promotes maturity of the immature follicle. Prolactin is the hormone that promotes milk production from mammary glands during pregnancy. In females, luteinizing hormone (LH) supports theca cells in the ovaries, which subsequently give rise to precursors to estrogen production. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism by increasing basal metabolic rate.
Progesterone is primarily secreted by which of the following structures?
Progesterone is primarily secreted by which of the following structures?
Tap to see back →
The corpus luteum is the remnant structure of the secondary follicle after the egg is released during ovulation. It secretes progesterone following this process. The other structures do not release appreciable amounts of progesterone; the primary follicle differentiates into the secondary follicle, which in turn releases the ovum, or the egg. The spermatozoon is involved with the fertilization of the egg, and does not release any progesterone.
The corpus luteum is the remnant structure of the secondary follicle after the egg is released during ovulation. It secretes progesterone following this process. The other structures do not release appreciable amounts of progesterone; the primary follicle differentiates into the secondary follicle, which in turn releases the ovum, or the egg. The spermatozoon is involved with the fertilization of the egg, and does not release any progesterone.
The presence of which of the following hormones can determine if a woman is two weeks pregnant?
The presence of which of the following hormones can determine if a woman is two weeks pregnant?
Tap to see back →
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by a fertilized egg and can be detected about six days after conception; it is only found in pregnant women, and can be used to help detect pregnancy.
The other answers are hormones that are present in both pregnant and nonpregnant women, so they cannot be used to determine pregnancy.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by a fertilized egg and can be detected about six days after conception; it is only found in pregnant women, and can be used to help detect pregnancy.
The other answers are hormones that are present in both pregnant and nonpregnant women, so they cannot be used to determine pregnancy.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of a follicle in the ovary, a process that occurs .
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of a follicle in the ovary, a process that occurs .
Tap to see back →
At puberty, the oocytes arrested at birth in meiosis I resume growth. This most often happens once a month, if fertilization has not occurred, and continues from puberty until menopause. The oocytes arrested at birth complete meiosis I, and are then arrested in meiosis II until fertilization occurs. During ovulation, the follicle ruptures and develops into the corpus luteum. Without fertilization, the endometrium is shed and the cycle continues. Once menopause is reached, this cycle ceases and most often women are no longer fertile.
At puberty, the oocytes arrested at birth in meiosis I resume growth. This most often happens once a month, if fertilization has not occurred, and continues from puberty until menopause. The oocytes arrested at birth complete meiosis I, and are then arrested in meiosis II until fertilization occurs. During ovulation, the follicle ruptures and develops into the corpus luteum. Without fertilization, the endometrium is shed and the cycle continues. Once menopause is reached, this cycle ceases and most often women are no longer fertile.
Passage:
In a fictional universe, a new life form is discovered that appears to have a number of similarities to humans. Since its discovery by humans, it has been studied with x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography imaging (CT), as well as with blood chemistries and laboratory studies. Based upon such analyses, scientists have found that both structurally and functionally, this fictional species, called Lorempis marengis, is highly similar to humans. It has structures that appear similar to lungs that are active during respiration. It has a structure that is highly active at all times, especially so in different parts during different activities (similar to the human brain). It also appears to have a digestive tract with a mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus that is assumed to carry out the same functions at the cellular level as the parts of the human digestive tract. Scientists are now hoping to continue studying the organism at the cellular level to confirm their assumption that the cellular functions are indeed similar to those of human tissues.
If we assume that Lorempis marengis female reproductive anatomy is identical to that of humans, in which of the following organs are eggs most likely to be stored in Lorempis marengis females?
Passage:
In a fictional universe, a new life form is discovered that appears to have a number of similarities to humans. Since its discovery by humans, it has been studied with x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography imaging (CT), as well as with blood chemistries and laboratory studies. Based upon such analyses, scientists have found that both structurally and functionally, this fictional species, called Lorempis marengis, is highly similar to humans. It has structures that appear similar to lungs that are active during respiration. It has a structure that is highly active at all times, especially so in different parts during different activities (similar to the human brain). It also appears to have a digestive tract with a mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus that is assumed to carry out the same functions at the cellular level as the parts of the human digestive tract. Scientists are now hoping to continue studying the organism at the cellular level to confirm their assumption that the cellular functions are indeed similar to those of human tissues.
If we assume that Lorempis marengis female reproductive anatomy is identical to that of humans, in which of the following organs are eggs most likely to be stored in Lorempis marengis females?
Tap to see back →
The most likely site of egg (also know as ovum) storage in Lorempis marengis females is the ovaries. This is the correct answer because we are told to assume that Lorempis marengis female reproductive anatomy is identical to that of humans, and in human females, the site of egg storage is the ovaries.
Females are born with all of the eggs that they will have throughout their lifespan, and they are stored in the ovaries. When females begin menarche, ovulation begins, in which a single egg is released from one of the ovaries every 28-35 days (until menopause) in preparation for fertilization by sperm. The egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, also known as the oviduct, at which time it may be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization successfully occurs, then the fertilized egg, also known as the zygote, travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus, where it may implant and continue to develop, eventually into a fetus. Thus, each of the above answer choices, other than ovaries, is incorrect, as they represent structures within the female reproductive tract that do not store eggs, but rather are sites than an egg may pass through after it is stored and released from the ovary.
Bartholin's Glands is an incorrect choice, as they are not sites of egg storage, but rather they serve to secrete lubricating mucus to the vagina.
The most likely site of egg (also know as ovum) storage in Lorempis marengis females is the ovaries. This is the correct answer because we are told to assume that Lorempis marengis female reproductive anatomy is identical to that of humans, and in human females, the site of egg storage is the ovaries.
Females are born with all of the eggs that they will have throughout their lifespan, and they are stored in the ovaries. When females begin menarche, ovulation begins, in which a single egg is released from one of the ovaries every 28-35 days (until menopause) in preparation for fertilization by sperm. The egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, also known as the oviduct, at which time it may be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization successfully occurs, then the fertilized egg, also known as the zygote, travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus, where it may implant and continue to develop, eventually into a fetus. Thus, each of the above answer choices, other than ovaries, is incorrect, as they represent structures within the female reproductive tract that do not store eggs, but rather are sites than an egg may pass through after it is stored and released from the ovary.
Bartholin's Glands is an incorrect choice, as they are not sites of egg storage, but rather they serve to secrete lubricating mucus to the vagina.
The hormones FSH and LH are involed in oogenesis in women. When LH surges in the ovarian cycle, what event will result?
The hormones FSH and LH are involed in oogenesis in women. When LH surges in the ovarian cycle, what event will result?
Tap to see back →
Follicles are stimulated to grow when FSH level rises. The follicles produce estrogen that exerts a positive feedback on LH, whose levele begin to rise. When LH levels peak on the 14th day of the cycle, the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg from the ovary and leaving the corpus luteum behind in the ovary. After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone to inhibit GnRH. When GnRH is inhibited, FSH and LH will also be inhibited.
Follicles are stimulated to grow when FSH level rises. The follicles produce estrogen that exerts a positive feedback on LH, whose levele begin to rise. When LH levels peak on the 14th day of the cycle, the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg from the ovary and leaving the corpus luteum behind in the ovary. After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone to inhibit GnRH. When GnRH is inhibited, FSH and LH will also be inhibited.
An environmental toxin has been found to directly disrupt normal gamete production in women. What tissue or organ is the toxin likely localizing to?
An environmental toxin has been found to directly disrupt normal gamete production in women. What tissue or organ is the toxin likely localizing to?
Tap to see back →
The most likely localization of the toxin would be to the ovaries, since this is where gamete production begins for females. For males, gametes are produced in the testes. The incorrect answers are all parts of the female reproductive system. The oviduct is where fertilization takes place. The endometrium (the lining of the uterus) is where the embryo will eventually implant.
The most likely localization of the toxin would be to the ovaries, since this is where gamete production begins for females. For males, gametes are produced in the testes. The incorrect answers are all parts of the female reproductive system. The oviduct is where fertilization takes place. The endometrium (the lining of the uterus) is where the embryo will eventually implant.
Which of the following describes the function of follicle-stimulating hormone in females?
Which of the following describes the function of follicle-stimulating hormone in females?
Tap to see back →
Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of granulosa cells surrounding the primary oocyte within the ovary, which further promotes maturity of the immature follicle. Prolactin is the hormone that promotes milk production from mammary glands during pregnancy. In females, luteinizing hormone (LH) supports theca cells in the ovaries, which subsequently give rise to precursors to estrogen production. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism by increasing basal metabolic rate.
Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the growth of granulosa cells surrounding the primary oocyte within the ovary, which further promotes maturity of the immature follicle. Prolactin is the hormone that promotes milk production from mammary glands during pregnancy. In females, luteinizing hormone (LH) supports theca cells in the ovaries, which subsequently give rise to precursors to estrogen production. Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism by increasing basal metabolic rate.
Progesterone is primarily secreted by which of the following structures?
Progesterone is primarily secreted by which of the following structures?
Tap to see back →
The corpus luteum is the remnant structure of the secondary follicle after the egg is released during ovulation. It secretes progesterone following this process. The other structures do not release appreciable amounts of progesterone; the primary follicle differentiates into the secondary follicle, which in turn releases the ovum, or the egg. The spermatozoon is involved with the fertilization of the egg, and does not release any progesterone.
The corpus luteum is the remnant structure of the secondary follicle after the egg is released during ovulation. It secretes progesterone following this process. The other structures do not release appreciable amounts of progesterone; the primary follicle differentiates into the secondary follicle, which in turn releases the ovum, or the egg. The spermatozoon is involved with the fertilization of the egg, and does not release any progesterone.
The presence of which of the following hormones can determine if a woman is two weeks pregnant?
The presence of which of the following hormones can determine if a woman is two weeks pregnant?
Tap to see back →
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by a fertilized egg and can be detected about six days after conception; it is only found in pregnant women, and can be used to help detect pregnancy.
The other answers are hormones that are present in both pregnant and nonpregnant women, so they cannot be used to determine pregnancy.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by a fertilized egg and can be detected about six days after conception; it is only found in pregnant women, and can be used to help detect pregnancy.
The other answers are hormones that are present in both pregnant and nonpregnant women, so they cannot be used to determine pregnancy.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of a follicle in the ovary, a process that occurs .
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of a follicle in the ovary, a process that occurs .
Tap to see back →
At puberty, the oocytes arrested at birth in meiosis I resume growth. This most often happens once a month, if fertilization has not occurred, and continues from puberty until menopause. The oocytes arrested at birth complete meiosis I, and are then arrested in meiosis II until fertilization occurs. During ovulation, the follicle ruptures and develops into the corpus luteum. Without fertilization, the endometrium is shed and the cycle continues. Once menopause is reached, this cycle ceases and most often women are no longer fertile.
At puberty, the oocytes arrested at birth in meiosis I resume growth. This most often happens once a month, if fertilization has not occurred, and continues from puberty until menopause. The oocytes arrested at birth complete meiosis I, and are then arrested in meiosis II until fertilization occurs. During ovulation, the follicle ruptures and develops into the corpus luteum. Without fertilization, the endometrium is shed and the cycle continues. Once menopause is reached, this cycle ceases and most often women are no longer fertile.