NCLEX-PN - Pharmacology

1

The nurse reads orders set by the primary care provider. She has prescribed 6,000 units of heparin Q6H SC for the patient. The label on the heparin vial reads $1,\textup{mL}=10,000 , \textup{units}$ . How many milliliters will the nurse administer to the patient?

$0.6,\textup{mL}$

$0.5,\textup{mL}$

$0.7,\textup{mL}$

$0.8,\textup{mL}$

$0.9,\textup{mL}$

Explanation

First, establish the ordered dose of 6,000 units. The heparin label reads that $1,\textup{mL}=10,000 , \textup{units}$ . Use dimensional analysis to solve this problem.

$6,000 , \textup{units} *\frac{1, \textup{mL}}{10,000,\textup{units}}=0.6, \textup{mL}$

2

The nurse reads orders set by the primary care provider. She has prescribed 6,000 units of heparin Q6H SC for the patient. The label on the heparin vial reads $1,\textup{mL}=10,000 , \textup{units}$ . How many milliliters will the nurse administer to the patient?

$0.6,\textup{mL}$

$0.5,\textup{mL}$

$0.7,\textup{mL}$

$0.8,\textup{mL}$

$0.9,\textup{mL}$

Explanation

First, establish the ordered dose of 6,000 units. The heparin label reads that $1,\textup{mL}=10,000 , \textup{units}$ . Use dimensional analysis to solve this problem.

$6,000 , \textup{units} *\frac{1, \textup{mL}}{10,000,\textup{units}}=0.6, \textup{mL}$

3

The nurse reads orders set by the primary care provider. She has prescribed 6,000 units of heparin Q6H SC for the patient. The label on the heparin vial reads $1,\textup{mL}=10,000 , \textup{units}$ . How many milliliters will the nurse administer to the patient?

$0.6,\textup{mL}$

$0.5,\textup{mL}$

$0.7,\textup{mL}$

$0.8,\textup{mL}$

$0.9,\textup{mL}$

Explanation

First, establish the ordered dose of 6,000 units. The heparin label reads that $1,\textup{mL}=10,000 , \textup{units}$ . Use dimensional analysis to solve this problem.

$6,000 , \textup{units} *\frac{1, \textup{mL}}{10,000,\textup{units}}=0.6, \textup{mL}$

4

You are the nurse taking care of a patient with asthma. The patient reports using his albuterol inhaler about once a month for wheezing and shortness of breath. Albuterol functions by which of the following mechanisms of action?

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor agonist

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist

Explanation

The correct answer is "Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist."

This question tests your knowledge of the mechanism of action of albuterol, a short-acting medication, frequently used in the treatment of acute asthma flares. Albuterol is an agonist of the Beta-2 adrenergic receptor in the bronchial smooth muscle, which helps to dilate the bronchioles, often providing relief to patients who are suffering from asthma flares, as bronchospasm plays a large role in causing their symptoms. Additional effects of albuterol include increased heart rate, increased insulin release, and vasodilation among others.

An example of a beta-1 adrenergic agonist would be dobutamine.

An example of a beta-1 adrenergic antagonist would be atenolol.

An example of a beta-2 adrenergic antagonist would be butoxamine.

An example of an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist would be phenylephrine.

5

You are the nurse taking care of a patient with asthma. The patient reports using his albuterol inhaler about once a month for wheezing and shortness of breath. Albuterol functions by which of the following mechanisms of action?

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor agonist

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist

Explanation

The correct answer is "Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist."

This question tests your knowledge of the mechanism of action of albuterol, a short-acting medication, frequently used in the treatment of acute asthma flares. Albuterol is an agonist of the Beta-2 adrenergic receptor in the bronchial smooth muscle, which helps to dilate the bronchioles, often providing relief to patients who are suffering from asthma flares, as bronchospasm plays a large role in causing their symptoms. Additional effects of albuterol include increased heart rate, increased insulin release, and vasodilation among others.

An example of a beta-1 adrenergic agonist would be dobutamine.

An example of a beta-1 adrenergic antagonist would be atenolol.

An example of a beta-2 adrenergic antagonist would be butoxamine.

An example of an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist would be phenylephrine.

6

A client has been taking daily doses of Paroxetine for 6 months and has asked for an information with the nurse about going off the medication. What should the nurse emphasize in the information session?

Taper the medication to avoid discontinuation syndrome

Stop taking the medication immediately, increase physical activity level for 2-3 weeks to counteract side effects

Urge the client to continue taking the medication until he consults a psychotherapist

Advise the patient of probable weight gain after going off the medication

Explanation

Clients taking Paroxetine may experience withdrawal and continuation syndrome. To minimize symptoms, taper the medication over a period of 3 or more weeks.

7

A client has been taking daily doses of Paroxetine for 6 months and has asked for an information with the nurse about going off the medication. What should the nurse emphasize in the information session?

Taper the medication to avoid discontinuation syndrome

Stop taking the medication immediately, increase physical activity level for 2-3 weeks to counteract side effects

Urge the client to continue taking the medication until he consults a psychotherapist

Advise the patient of probable weight gain after going off the medication

Explanation

Clients taking Paroxetine may experience withdrawal and continuation syndrome. To minimize symptoms, taper the medication over a period of 3 or more weeks.

8

You are the nurse taking care of a patient who is hospitalized for severe lower back pain. The patient also has a medical history significant for multiple gastrointestinal bleeds and peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following medications should be used with extreme caution in this patient given his medical history?

NSAIDs

Acetaminophen

Hydromorphone

Oxycodone

Morphine

Explanation

The correct answer is "NSAIDs." This is the correct answer because NSAIDs are known to be irritants of the gastrointestinal tract, and prolonged and/or extensive use of NSAIDs can increase the risk of developing gastrointestinal ulcers, as well as consequent gastrointestinal bleeds in the setting of ulcers. Given this patient's medical history, which already contains multiple gastrointestinal bleeds and peptic ulcer disease, NSAIDs should be used very, very carefully, if at all, in this patient.

The other choices are incorrect. Acetaminophen is not known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer formation. Morphine, oxycodone, and hydromorphone are all opioid analgesics and are not known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer formation.

9

You are the nurse taking care of a patient who is hospitalized for severe lower back pain. The patient also has a medical history significant for multiple gastrointestinal bleeds and peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following medications should be used with extreme caution in this patient given his medical history?

NSAIDs

Acetaminophen

Hydromorphone

Oxycodone

Morphine

Explanation

The correct answer is "NSAIDs." This is the correct answer because NSAIDs are known to be irritants of the gastrointestinal tract, and prolonged and/or extensive use of NSAIDs can increase the risk of developing gastrointestinal ulcers, as well as consequent gastrointestinal bleeds in the setting of ulcers. Given this patient's medical history, which already contains multiple gastrointestinal bleeds and peptic ulcer disease, NSAIDs should be used very, very carefully, if at all, in this patient.

The other choices are incorrect. Acetaminophen is not known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer formation. Morphine, oxycodone, and hydromorphone are all opioid analgesics and are not known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer formation.

10

You are the nurse taking care of a patient with asthma. The patient reports using his albuterol inhaler about once a month for wheezing and shortness of breath. Albuterol functions by which of the following mechanisms of action?

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor agonist

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist

Explanation

The correct answer is "Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist."

This question tests your knowledge of the mechanism of action of albuterol, a short-acting medication, frequently used in the treatment of acute asthma flares. Albuterol is an agonist of the Beta-2 adrenergic receptor in the bronchial smooth muscle, which helps to dilate the bronchioles, often providing relief to patients who are suffering from asthma flares, as bronchospasm plays a large role in causing their symptoms. Additional effects of albuterol include increased heart rate, increased insulin release, and vasodilation among others.

An example of a beta-1 adrenergic agonist would be dobutamine.

An example of a beta-1 adrenergic antagonist would be atenolol.

An example of a beta-2 adrenergic antagonist would be butoxamine.

An example of an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist would be phenylephrine.

Pharmacology

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