Help with Ether and Ester Reactions - Organic Chemistry

Alkyl lithium (organolithium) reagents are powerful reducing agents and react much in the same manner as Grignard reagents through the formation of a carbanion. In the first step of the reaction, the carbanion attacks at the carbonyl, creating a charged intermediate, which is neutralized by reformation of the carbonyl and the release of ethoxide (the ester chain is the leaving group). However, the alkyl lithium reagent continues the reaction by attacking at the carbonyl once again. This time, there is no suitable leaving group (every group bound is a carbon chain) and the intermediate remains until a proton transfer is facilitated to neutralize the oxygen's charge.

To answer this question, it's important to consider what types of molecules are reacting. The pentanoic acid is a carboxylic acid, and the butanol is an alcohol. When carboxylic acids are reacted with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst, the result is an ester.

Treatment of ethyl acetate with methoxide will yield the enolate ion (II). However, side trans-esterification reactions will also result in formation of product III.

This is a basic Claisen condensation reaction in which the functions to take off the acidic hydrogen (between the ketone and the ester) and then the same molecule can attack a carbonyl carbon to yield .

The attack at the ester carbonyl leads to the leaving of group.

Alkyl lithium (organolithium) reagents are powerful reducing agents and react much in the same manner as Grignard reagents through the formation of a carbanion. In the first step of the reaction, the carbanion attacks at the carbonyl, creating a charged intermediate, which is neutralized by reformation of the carbonyl and the release of ethoxide (the ester chain is the leaving group). However, the alkyl lithium reagent continues the reaction by attacking at the carbonyl once again. This time, there is no suitable leaving group (every group bound is a carbon chain) and the intermediate remains until a proton transfer is facilitated to neutralize the oxygen's charge.

To answer this question, it's important to consider what types of molecules are reacting. The pentanoic acid is a carboxylic acid, and the butanol is an alcohol. When carboxylic acids are reacted with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst, the result is an ester.

Treatment of ethyl acetate with methoxide will yield the enolate ion (II). However, side trans-esterification reactions will also result in formation of product III.

To answer this question, it's important to consider what types of molecules are reacting. The pentanoic acid is a carboxylic acid, and the butanol is an alcohol. When carboxylic acids are reacted with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst, the result is an ester.

Treatment of ethyl acetate with methoxide will yield the enolate ion (II). However, side trans-esterification reactions will also result in formation of product III.

This is a basic Claisen condensation reaction in which the functions to take off the acidic hydrogen (between the ketone and the ester) and then the same molecule can attack a carbonyl carbon to yield .

The attack at the ester carbonyl leads to the leaving of group.

Alkyl lithium (organolithium) reagents are powerful reducing agents and react much in the same manner as Grignard reagents through the formation of a carbanion. In the first step of the reaction, the carbanion attacks at the carbonyl, creating a charged intermediate, which is neutralized by reformation of the carbonyl and the release of ethoxide (the ester chain is the leaving group). However, the alkyl lithium reagent continues the reaction by attacking at the carbonyl once again. This time, there is no suitable leaving group (every group bound is a carbon chain) and the intermediate remains until a proton transfer is facilitated to neutralize the oxygen's charge.

To answer this question, it's important to consider what types of molecules are reacting. The pentanoic acid is a carboxylic acid, and the butanol is an alcohol. When carboxylic acids are reacted with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst, the result is an ester.

Treatment of ethyl acetate with methoxide will yield the enolate ion (II). However, side trans-esterification reactions will also result in formation of product III.

This is a basic Claisen condensation reaction in which the functions to take off the acidic hydrogen (between the ketone and the ester) and then the same molecule can attack a carbonyl carbon to yield .

The attack at the ester carbonyl leads to the leaving of group.

Alkyl lithium (organolithium) reagents are powerful reducing agents and react much in the same manner as Grignard reagents through the formation of a carbanion. In the first step of the reaction, the carbanion attacks at the carbonyl, creating a charged intermediate, which is neutralized by reformation of the carbonyl and the release of ethoxide (the ester chain is the leaving group). However, the alkyl lithium reagent continues the reaction by attacking at the carbonyl once again. This time, there is no suitable leaving group (every group bound is a carbon chain) and the intermediate remains until a proton transfer is facilitated to neutralize the oxygen's charge.