AP Biology : Understanding Carbohydrates
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Example Questions
Example Question #31 : Macromolecules
The polymer chitin is made up of what carbohydrate momoner?
N-Acetylneuraminic acid
Glucopyranose
N-Acetylglucosamine
Glucose
Fructose
N-Acetylglucosamine
Chitin is a polymer that makes up the cell wall of fungal cells as well as the exoskeleton of arthropods. It itself is made up of N-Acetylglucosamine
Example Question #32 : Macromolecules
Which of the following is a polysaccharide stored in plants?
glycogen
lipids
starch
glucose
starch
Starch is a polysaccharide stored in plants. Glycogen is a polymer of glucose in animals stored in the liver and muscle cells. Lipids are molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that store energy.
Example Question #31 : Macromolecules
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
Maltose
Lactase
Lactose
Sucrose
Fructose
Fructose
Sucrose is made up of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule. Knowing this gives a hint to the correct answer. Maltose is made up of two glucose molecules. Many glucose molecules joined together make up starch. Lactose is the sugar found in milk, and is made up on a glucose and a galactose molecule. Thus, all of the other sugars listed are disaccharides. Lactase is an enzyme, as shown by the "-ase" ending.
Example Question #32 : Macromolecules
Monomers of sugars form disaccharides and polysaccharides via what type of bonding?
Hydrogen bond
Peptide bond
Phosphodiester bond
Glycosidic linkage
Ester linkage
Glycosidic linkage
A phosphodiester bond occurs in DNA and RNA between nucleotides to form nucleic acids. Ester linkage occurs in fats and lipids between a carboxyl group and the carbon chain. A peptide bond occurs between two amino acids to form a peptide bond. Hydrogen bonding is the interaction of a hydrogen of one molecule with either a oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine of another molecule.
Example Question #33 : Macromolecules
A maltose molecule can be broken down into two molecules of glucose via what reaction?
Hydration
Dehydration
Hydrolysis
Polymerization
Condensation
Hydrolysis
Maltose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide so the question is asking what will break the disaccharide into its respected monosaccharide. Hydrolysis is the addition of a water molecule to break the glycosidic linkage of a sugar. Dehydration reaction is a type of condensation reaction that will ultimately join two monosaccharides together via the removal of a water molecule. Polymerization is a general term with regards of monomers forming polymers through a reaction. Hydration reactions are the addition of a water molecule but do not necessarily break any bonds but are used form an alcohol.
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