Monoculture refers to the practice of growing one species or variety of plant within a given area. The prefix "mono" means "one."

Eliminate options about the orchard, the redwood, and the organic farm. All you have left is Monsanto.

The term “monoculture” is used to describe the deliberate cultivation of only one single crop in a large land area. Monoculture has increased in practice in recent years as it allows for easier mechanized harvesting and more efficient large-scale farming.

“Pastoralism” is used to describe a certain type of animal husbandry. It generally involves a nomadic lifestyle, where the people move with their flocks to take advantage of seasonal changes, favorable climates, and so on. It has been practiced extensively throughout human history, but in the modern age is primarily practiced in sparsely populated parts of the world where more common agriculture is unsustainable.

Pastoralism refers to a strategy involving herding and tending to flocks of animals. It is often, but not always associated with a nomadic lifestyle.

The option referring to tending flocks of goats and sheep best exemplifies this idea.

Option: A tribe in Brazil gets most of its subsistence by fishing, hunting and gathering. Sounds more like subsistence. No mention of herding.

Option: A large farm grows a couple of profitable crops. Sounds more like plantation or cash cropping, but no mention of herding.

Option: A small, organic farm grows corn, soybeans and squash together in rows. Sounds more like mixed farming,  no herding.

“Pastoralism” is the name given to nomadic animal husbandry. A pastoral society is one that wanders in search of food or to follow its flock. Pastoralism is most commonly practiced in barren mountainous or arid terrains, particularly in Africa, Asia, and some parts of South America.

The practice of “pastoralism,” or nomadic animal husbandry, is decreasing worldwide. It was once a widely practiced means of sustaining human populations, but has been replaced throughout most of the world by more refined and sustainable agricultural practices. It is still practiced in parts of Africa, Asia, and South America, but its influence continues to wane as agricultural technology continues to advance.

“Transhumance” refers to the movement of livestock from one region to another to take advantage of different seasons. It is distinct from “pastoralism” because “pastoralism” involves following the herd, rather than directing it. The movement of livestock from valleys in the winter to mountainous regions in the summer is the classic example of “transhumance.”

The term “ranching,” particularly in reference to American agriculture refers to a type of commercial farming in which the livestock (usually cattle) is allowed to roam over an established area. The fact that the animals roam, but the farmers remain settled, separates this term from “pastoralism.”

“The Chisholm Trail” was a path taken by cowboys and ranchers in Texas during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It involved the transportation of cattle from the ranches of Texas up to the rail yards of Kansas from where the cattle could be shipped to the urban centers of the East Coast.

Due to rising concerns about overfishing and the ability to control the supply of fish, aquaculture has become the main source of fish and shellfish in the world. Aquaculture typically happens in manmade ponds or sections of rivers and seas that are bracketed off to keep the fish under control. Aquaculture is now one of the largest sectors of agriculture in most advanced nations.