A classic feature of a colonial Latin American city is that it has distinct segments divided up for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes. It typically has a central business district from which all other parts of the city radiate out.

Istanbul, the capital of Turkey and an ancient and significant city, is the most populous city in Europe. Istanbul actually lies at the boundary between Europe and Asia, but the city itself is considered European. There are more than fourteen million people living within the city limits of Istanbul, compared with twelve million in Moscow, 8.5 in London, 2 million in Paris, 3.1 million in Madrid, and 1.4 in Munich.

“Islamic cities” are considered as a distinct category of city within the study of human geography. Typically Islamic cities arose in places with warm climates and fairly little rainfall so they tend to be painted white (to reflect sunlight) and have facilities to recycle rainwater. They also typically contain vibrant open-air markets and picturesque mosques.

All of these answer choices are models used to depict the spatial layout of urban environments except the Inside-Outside Model.

Hamlets are predominantly agricultural areas with some sparse human settlements, while villages are small aggregates of dwellings forming communities. Towns are larger aggregates of dwellings, while cities are even larger settlements. A megalopolis is formed when when urban expansion results in an overlap in development by cities in close proximity to one another, resulting in a network of high-density human settlements.

The Feudal System, which prevailed in Europe and other parts of the world throughout the Medieval Period, significantly hindered the growth of cities. In order for Feudalism to work, a large proportion of the population has to be tied to the land in the form of serfs, or peasant farmers. This hinders urbanization because there is little surplus labor and no established middle class.

Mexico City, the largest city in Mexico and one of the most densely populated cities in the world, rests on the same site as the capital city of the Aztec Empire, called Tenochtitlan.

A surplus of food was necessary for the establishment of the world’s earliest cities. A surplus of food means that there is enough food to support population growth and, just as importantly, to support non-agricultural laborers and citizens. In order for buildings to be constructed, government to emerge, and a standing army to arise in a city a society must be able to support a proportion of the population in non-agricultural work.

During the Renaissance Era of European history, European cities experienced dramatic growth. Urbanization took place at a fast pace and colonial riches began to support a burgeoning middle class. However, throughout the rest of the world the impact of European conquest and disease led to sporadic and sometimes disastrous decline for many cities and civilizations. Cities like Tenochtitlan in modern-day Mexico and Cusco in modern-day Peru are two classic examples.

Human civilization began with the Neolithic Revolution, also called the First Agricultural Revolution, several thousand years ago. The first cities arose in close proximity to agricultural hearths like the Nile River because these regions could provide enough food to sustain a large population.