After crossing the synapse, neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, initiating an excitatory signal (EPSP). The signal then travels through the dendrites to the cell body, where it becomes an action potential based on the degree of stimulation from other EPSP signals. After traveling through the cell body and down the axon hillock, the signal is sent out by the axon to the axon terminal, or synaptic terminal. There, synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft (the space between two neurons). Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane at the axon and release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters diffuse toward the postsynaptic neuron and bind to receptors to begin the process again. Once the signal reaches an effector organ, the neurotransmitters can elicit their ultimate effect.

Agonists are chemicals that mimic the action of a neurotransmitter. Agonists bind to the same receptor sites as neurotransmitters, but cause their own unique biological responses. Agonists activate the receptors to which they bind.

Efferent neurons are responsible for relaying information from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands. These signals allow for movement. 

The Myelin Sheath is a fatty substance that covers the axon and helps speed up impulses. A neuron is a nerve cell. Dendrites are the message receiving part of a neuron, and axons are the message sending part. A synapse is the gap between the terminal buttons of the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron. Soma is a term synonymous with cell body.

Cell wall is a cell organelle found in plants, bacteria and archea; it is not found in neurons. The soma is the cells body of the neuron, this is where the nucleus contained but the dendrites and axon are not part of the soma. Dendrites are short branched extensions of a neuron where impulses are received in the synapses and transmitted to the soma. Axons are the long threadlike part of the neuron that conduct the impulses from the soma to other cells. 

The axons of one neuron release neurotransmitters which are received by the dendrites of the adjacent neuron.

Neurons fire according to the All-or-Nothing Principle, meaning that they will either fire completely or not at all. There is no in-between or half-fire.

Afferent neurons, also known as sensory neurons, are the neurons that relay information to the central nervous system from the sensory organs. Efferent neurons are the motor neurons that carry the nerve impulses away from the central nervous system to the effectors. Interneurons are the neurons that transmit impulses between other neurons. 

Glial cells are specialized cells found in the central nervous system. Myelin sheaths are made up of glial cells that insulate the axon of a neuron.  

Dendrites are the part of the cell that receive information from other neurons and relay it to the cell body. This is easy to remember if you visualize a diagram of the neuron because dendrites look like branches coming out of the cell body. 

As for the other answers, axons transmit information to other neurons (as opposed to receiving it), cell branches do not exist (that was a trick answer choice because dendrites look like branches), the synapse is the slight gap between two neurons through which electrical signals pass, and the nucleus is the part of the cell body that contains chromosomes.