AP Psychology : Individual Psychology and Behavior
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Example Questions
Example Question #13 : Methods Of Altering Consciousness
Which of the following terms is best defined as the form of waves that are emitted by a person who is awake, unfocused, and relaxed?
None of these
Delta waves
Beta waves
Alpha waves
Theta waves
Alpha waves
Alpha waves are a type of brain wave that occurs when a person is about to fall asleep. The person will be relaxed and unfocused but still aware of their surroundings.
Example Question #14 : Methods Of Altering Consciousness
Natural and synthetic depressants include which of the following?
Tranquilizers
Heroin
All of these
Prescription painkillers
Alcohol
All of these
Alcohol, prescription painkillers, tranquilizers, heroin, and others affect the nervous system in a depressive manner. This class of drugs generally lowers neurotransmitter levels and decreases central nervous system functions.
Example Question #66 : Cognition And Consciousness
Which of the following are classified as stimulants?
LSD
Psilocybin
Alcohol
Morphine
Amphetamine
Amphetamine
Amphetamine is an excitatory drug that affects the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Alcohol and morphine are depressants, whereas LSD and psilocybin are hallucinogens.
Example Question #67 : Cognition And Consciousness
Which of the following significantly affects both serotonin and dopamine concentrations?
Cocaine
Tranquilizers
Psilocybin
Sedatives
Alcohol
Cocaine
Cocaine is excitatory and stimulates the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
Example Question #15 : Methods Of Altering Consciousness
For thousands of years, cultures throughout the world have been able create natural drugs from which of the following classes?
All of these
Hallucinogens
Depressants
Stimulants
None of these
All of these
Throughout human history, people have utilized naturally occurring substances to reach altered states of consciousness. These substances range widely among the categorizations that modern Western science has created, including stimulants (e.g. coffee), depressants (e.g. wine), and hallucinogens (e.g. certain mushrooms). Generally, drug addiction and abuse has only become a problem with the advent and manipulation of synthetic drugs, along with social changes and stresses.
Example Question #21 : Methods Of Altering Consciousness
Amphetamines have historically been used to treat which of the following disorders?
I. Narcolepsy
II. Depression
III. Obesity
IV. Schizophrenia
III and IV
I and III
I only
III only
II and III
I and III
Amphetamines affect the neurotransmitter dopamine, which has a direct link to alertness and circadian rhythms. Amphetamines are also stimulatory; therefore, they can aid in increasing metabolism.
Example Question #22 : Methods Of Altering Consciousness
Which of the following best identifies the principal effects of stimulant drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine?
Elation, excitement, increased alertness, increased energy, reduced fatigue
Mild euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, reduced inhibitions
Euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, pain relief
Increased sensory awareness, euphoria, altered perceptions, hallucinations, insightful experiences
Elation, excitement, increased alertness, increased energy, reduced fatigue
Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines primarily raise the physiological arousal of the body and boost mood resulting in elation, excitement, increased energy and focus, and reduced fatigue. Other drugs, such as barbiturates, alcohol, and hallucinogens have different effects.
Example Question #71 : Cognition And Consciousness
Substances such as morphine and heroin that produce euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, and pain relief belong to which of the following drug classes?
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Narcotics/opiates
Narcotics/opiates
Narcotics/opiates include morphine, heroin, and pain pills such as oxycontin. Narcotics are often used for pain relief in medicine, but are also commonly abused and used recreationally for their relaxation and pain relieving effects.
Example Question #72 : Cognition And Consciousness
Ted is prescribed a stimulant medication for his ADHD, which helps him stay focused and alert during the day. At first, the medication works well; however, over time, Ted notices that the medication is not working as well as it used to. He says that it feels like he is getting less of an effect even though he is taking the same amount as prescribed. Which of the following is Ted most likely experiencing?
Withdrawal
Psychological dependence
Tolerance
The placebo effect
Tolerance
Ted is most likely experiencing tolerance. Tolerance occurs over time when individuals take a drug regularly and their body starts to adapt to the presence of the drug. Over time, it needs more of a drug to achieve the same desired initial effect. Tolerance is a sign of physiological dependence.
Example Question #25 : Methods Of Altering Consciousness
Long term negative health outcomes of heavy alcohol use include which of the following?
Stroke
All of these
Liver disease
Cancer
All of these
Prolonged alcohol use is associated with many negative health outcomes including accidents, liver disease, malnutrition, brain damage, neurological disorders, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, ulcers, cancer, and birth defects.
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