The Hellenistic Empire is the name given to the massive territory conquered by Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C.E. Alexander, ruler of the Macedonian Kingdom, conquered much of the known world from Egypt all the way to the Indian subcontinent. But, after his death, his conquests were divided between the surviving generals of his campaign. This divided territory is collectively called the Hellenistic Empire. 

Following the untimely death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C.E. his massive empire was divided between his most powerful generals. The Seleucid Empire was one such Hellenistic state that was established by Seleucus I Nicator in 312 B.C.E. The Seleucid Empire ruled over much of the former Persian Empire - stretching from Mesopotamia to India.

Augustus Caesar was one of the most accomplished and esteemed rulers (and emperors) in the history of Rome. He expanded Roman territory in Iberia, Germany, southeastern Europe, North Africa, and the near-east. He did not, however, conquer the British Isles. The Roman conquest of Britain was completed in waves, beginning with Emperor Claudius in 43 C.E. and completed with the construction of Hadrian's Wall in the second century C.E.

The Persian Royal Road was built during the fifth century B.C.E. under the orders of the Persian Emperor Darius I. The road was constructed to allow Darius to better administer his vast empire, to encourage trade and facilitate the movement of armies from one part of the empire to another.

The Olmec civilization was the first major civilization to arise in Mexico, in Central America. The Olmecs arose during the Mesoamerican Neolithic Revolution in the first millennium before the common era. They are considered to be the forerunners of the later Mayan and Aztec civilizations.

The murder of Julius Caesar, at the hands of senators in the Roman Senate, led to a civil war that paved the way for the rise of Augustus Caesar and the Roman Empire.

A Roman Triumph was a public parade or monument undertaken or constructed to honor a successful military commander and to celebrate his territorial conquests. It was an important part of social life in the city of Rome and a useful political tool for would-be consuls, dictators, and emperors.

The Achaemenid Empire was formed by Cyrus the Great in 552 BCE It is considered the prototype of the later, much larger, Persian Empire.

After driving the Hyksos out of Egypt the era of the New Kingdom began. This period of Egyptian history is marked by a series of military conquests as ambitious and powerful Pharaohs stretched their dominion east, all the way to the Euphrates River. This is the period of powerful and famous Pharaohs like Hatshepsut and Ramesses II.

Alaric the Visigoth is most famous for leading the devastating sack of Rome in 410 C.E. His conquest and destruction of the city is most often cited as the moment when the Roman Empire fell.