Calculus 1 : Other Writing Equations

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Calculus 1

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Example Questions

Example Question #41 : Other Writing Equations

Determine \(\displaystyle f(x)\) given that \(\displaystyle f'(x) = 45x^{2}+10x+14\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 15x^{3}+5x^{2}+14x+C\)

\(\displaystyle 90x+10\)

\(\displaystyle 90x+10+C\)

\(\displaystyle 15x^{3}+5x^{2}+14x\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 15x^{3}+5x^{2}+14x+C\)

Explanation:

This problem is asking you to find the indefinite integral of the given function, f'(x). To do this, we need to work through the function one term at a time. For each term in the function, we perform two steps. First, we divide the coefficient of that term by (n+1), where "n" is the value of the exponent for that term's x-value. Second, we add 1 to the value of that term's x-value. We continue this process for each term in the function. 

So, for \(\displaystyle f'(x) = 45x^{2}+10x+14\), this would look like

 

\(\displaystyle f(x) = \int (45x^{2}+10x+14)dx\)

which when integrated will equal 

\(\displaystyle 15x^{3}+5x^{2}+14x+C\)

You must remember to include "C" in your final answer; this acts as a placeholder for any constants that may have been present in the original equation.

Example Question #223 : Equations

Determine \(\displaystyle f(x)\) given that \(\displaystyle f'(x) = 32x^{3}+18x^{2}+3x+42\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 96x^{2}+36x+3\)

\(\displaystyle 96x^{2}+36x+3+C\)

\(\displaystyle 8x^{4}+6x^{3}+\frac{3}{2}x^{2}+42x\)

\(\displaystyle 8x^{4}+6x^{3}+\frac{3}{2}x^{2}+42x+C\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 8x^{4}+6x^{3}+\frac{3}{2}x^{2}+42x+C\)

Explanation:

This problem is asking you to find the indefinite integral of the given function, f'(x). To do this, we need to work through the function one term at a time. For each term in the function, we perform two steps. First, we divide the coefficient of that term by (n+1), where "n" is the value of the exponent for that term's x-value. Second, we add 1 to the value of that term's x-value. We continue this process for each term in the function. 

So, for \(\displaystyle f'(x) = 32x^{3}+18x^{2}+3x+42\), this would look like

 

\(\displaystyle f(x) = \int (32x^{3}+18x^{2}+3x+42)dx\)

which when integrated will equal 

\(\displaystyle 8x^{4}+6x^{3}+\frac{3}{2}x^{2}+42x+C\)

You must remember to include "C" in your final answer; this acts as a placeholder for any constants that may have been present in the original equation.

Example Question #231 : Equations

Determine \(\displaystyle f(x)\) given that \(\displaystyle f'(x) = 12x^{3}+12x^{2}+12x+12\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 36x^{2}+24x+12+C\)

\(\displaystyle 12x^{2}+12x+12+C\)

\(\displaystyle 3x^{4}+4x^{3}+6x^{2}+12x+C\)

\(\displaystyle 3x^{4}+4x^{3}+6x^{2}+12x\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3x^{4}+4x^{3}+6x^{2}+12x+C\)

Explanation:

This problem is asking you to find the indefinite integral of the given function, f'(x). To do this, we need to work through the function one term at a time. For each term in the function, we perform two steps. First, we divide the coefficient of that term by (n+1), where "n" is the value of the exponent for that term's x-value. Second, we add 1 to the value of that term's x-value. We continue this process for each term in the function. 

So, for \(\displaystyle f'(x) = 12x^{3}+12x^{2}+12x+12\), this would look like

 

\(\displaystyle f(x) = \int (12x^{3}+12x^{2}+12x+12)dx\)

which when integrated will equal 

\(\displaystyle 3x^{4}+4x^{3}+6x^{2}+12x+C\)

You must remember to include "C" in your final answer; this acts as a placeholder for any constants that may have been present in the original equation.

Example Question #1282 : Functions

Determine \(\displaystyle f(x)\) given that \(\displaystyle f'(x) = 42x^{6}+\frac{4}{7}x^{3}+76x\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 6x^{7}+\frac{1}{7}x^{4}+38x^{2}+C\)

\(\displaystyle 252x^{5}+\frac{12}{7}x^{2}+76\)

\(\displaystyle 6x^{7}+\frac{4}{28}x^{4}+38x^{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 252x^{5}+\frac{12}{7}x^{2}+76+C\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 6x^{7}+\frac{1}{7}x^{4}+38x^{2}+C\)

Explanation:

This problem is asking you to find the indefinite integral of the given function, f'(x). To do this, we need to work through the function one term at a time. For each term in the function, we perform two steps. First, we divide the coefficient of that term by (n+1), where "n" is the value of the exponent for that term's x-value. Second, we add 1 to the value of that term's x-value. We continue this process for each term in the function. 

So, for \(\displaystyle f'(x) = 42x^{6}+\frac{4}{7}x^{3}+76x\), this would look like

 

\(\displaystyle f(x) = \int (42x^{6}+\frac{4}{7}x^{3}+76x)dx\)

which when integrated will equal 

\(\displaystyle 6x^{7}+\frac{1}{7}x^{4}+38x^{2}+C\)

You must remember to include "C" in your final answer; this acts as a placeholder for any constants that may have been present in the original equation.

Example Question #1283 : Functions

Write the equation that shows how a mass of atoms \(\displaystyle m\) decays over time if it's half life is \(\displaystyle 3\) days, and initial mass is \(\displaystyle m_0\). Assume \(\displaystyle t\) is in days. 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle m=m_0*2^{\frac{t}{3}}\)

\(\displaystyle m=m_0*e^{-\frac{t}{3}}\)

\(\displaystyle m=m_0*2^{-3t}\)

\(\displaystyle m=m_0*2^{-\frac{t}{3}}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle m=m_0*2^{-\frac{t}{3}}\)

Explanation:

We know that since its a half life question, the exponential used will be:

\(\displaystyle 2^{(-kt)}\) where \(\displaystyle k\) relates to length of the half life. Since the half life is 3 days in this question, \(\displaystyle k=\frac{1}{3}\)

Since we know how the mass is decaying over time, we simply need to put our \(\displaystyle m\) and \(\displaystyle m_0\) properly such that:

\(\displaystyle m=m_0*2^{-\frac{t}{3}}\).

To check, if you plug \(\displaystyle t=3\), we get that \(\displaystyle m=\frac{1}{2}m_0\), which indicates that we've lost half the mass in 3 days. 

Example Question #1284 : Functions

Determine the first order differential equation that is solved by:

\(\displaystyle y(t)=e^{-5t}+t\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle y'=-5y+5t+1\)

\(\displaystyle y'=-5y+5t-1\)

\(\displaystyle y'=-5y-5t+1\)

\(\displaystyle y'=-5y+5t\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle y'=-5y+5t+1\)

Explanation:

To determine this, we take the derivative of \(\displaystyle y\)

\(\displaystyle y(t)=e^{-5t}+t\)

\(\displaystyle y'(t)=-5e^{-5t}+1\)

If we set \(\displaystyle y'(t)=y(t)+a(t)\), where \(\displaystyle a(t)\) is a function that sets the two sides equal:

\(\displaystyle -5e^{-5t}+1=e^{-5t}+t+a(t)\)

Notce that if we multiply the right side by \(\displaystyle -5\), and set \(\displaystyle a(t)=-t-\frac{1}{5}\), we get that:\(\displaystyle -5e^{-5t}+1=-5(e^{-5t}+t)-5(-t-\frac{1}{5})=-5e^{-5t}+1\)

Backtracking we get that:

\(\displaystyle y'=-5y+5t+1\)

 

Example Question #1285 : Functions

A very important physics formula is called the continuity equation. We will only consider the 1-dimensional continuity equation for now. 

In the continuity equation, we're given that:

\(\displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} dx=-\int_{a}^{b} (\frac{d}{dx} Flux) dx\), where \(\displaystyle u\) is a function of \(\displaystyle t\) and \(\displaystyle x\).

Reduce the continuity equation to its most simplest form, such that one side of the equation is \(\displaystyle 0\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+\frac{\mathrm{d} }{\mathrm{d} t}Flux=0\)

\(\displaystyle \int_{a}^{b}[\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}-\frac{\mathrm{d} }{\mathrm{d} x}Flux]dx=0\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}-\frac{\mathrm{d} }{\mathrm{d} x}Flux=0\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+\frac{\mathrm{d} }{\mathrm{d} x}Flux=0\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+\frac{\mathrm{d} }{\mathrm{d} x}Flux=0\)

Explanation:

Although this may seem difficult, since both sides have identical integrals, we can just compare what's underneath the integral. 

\(\displaystyle \int_{a}^{b} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} dx=-\int_{a}^{b} (\frac{d}{dx} Flux) dx\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} =- (\frac{d}{dx} Flux)\)

Moving to the right:

\(\displaystyle \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+\frac{\mathrm{d} }{\mathrm{d} x}Flux=0\)

Example Question #1286 : Functions

We're told that \(\displaystyle F=m*a(t)\) by Newton's 2nd Law, where \(\displaystyle F\) is force, \(\displaystyle m\) is mass, and \(\displaystyle a\) is acceleration as a function of time. Knowing the relationship between acceleration and position \(\displaystyle p\), write Newton's 2nd law as a second order differential equation. 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle F=m*\int p(t)\)

\(\displaystyle F=(m*p(t))^2\)

\(\displaystyle F=m* \frac{\mathrm{d} p}{\mathrm{d} t}\)

\(\displaystyle F=m\frac{\mathrm{d}^2 p}{\mathrm{d} t^2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle F=m\frac{\mathrm{d}^2 p}{\mathrm{d} t^2}\)

Explanation:

We know that:

\(\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{d}^2 p}{\mathrm{d} t^2}=a(t)\), since acceleration is the 2nd derivative of position. Knowing this we plug this into the formula to get that: 

\(\displaystyle F=m\frac{\mathrm{d}^2 p}{\mathrm{d} t^2}\)

Example Question #1287 : Functions

Write the equation of the line tangent to the given function at x=2 in slope-intercept form. 

\(\displaystyle f(x)=5x^2+3x+8\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle y=23x-34\)

\(\displaystyle y=23x-12\)

\(\displaystyle y=10x-34\)

None of the other answers

\(\displaystyle y=10x-46\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle y=23x-12\)

Explanation:

The equation of the line tangent to the curve of f(x) at x=2 will have a slope equal to the instantaneous rate of change of the curve at x=2. In other words, the slope of the tangent line will have a slope equal to the derivative of f(x) defined at x=2, namely f'(2).

To solve this, we have that

\(\displaystyle f(x)=5x^2+3x+8\)  ;  \(\displaystyle f(2)=34\)

\(\displaystyle f'(x)=10x+3\)  ;  \(\displaystyle f'(2)=23\)

To get the equation of the tangent line, we must use the Point-Slope formula utilizing the slope obtained from the derivative and the point of tangency.

The Point-Slope formula is defined as

\(\displaystyle y-y_{1}=m(x-x_{1})\)

in which m is the slope obtained from the derivative, m=23

and (x1,y1) is the point of tangency, (2,34). We then have that

\(\displaystyle y-34=23(x-2)\)

Converting it to slope-intercept form, we have that

\(\displaystyle y=23(x-2)+34=23x-46+34=y=23x-12\)

Example Question #1288 : Functions

Write the equation of the line (in slope-intercept form) normal to the curve at x=2 for the given function f(x).

\(\displaystyle f(x)=3x^2+x+5\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle y=13x+20\)

\(\displaystyle y=-\frac{x}{13}+20\)

\(\displaystyle y=-\frac{1}{13}x+\frac{262}{13}\)

None of the other answers. 

\(\displaystyle y=13x-26\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle y=-\frac{1}{13}x+\frac{262}{13}\)

Explanation:

The equation of the normal line is defined as the line that is perpendicular to the line tangent to the curve at the point of tangency, which occurs at x=2 in this case.

The line perpendicular to the tangent line will have a slope equal to the negative reciprocal of the slope of the tangent line.

If the slope of the tangent line is denoted by the variable n, the normal line will have a slope (m) in which

\(\displaystyle m=-\frac{1}{n}\) 

We begin by defining the point of tangency (x1,y1) and the slope of the tangent line, n. 

\(\displaystyle f(x)=3x^2+x+5\)  ; \(\displaystyle f(2)=20\)

\(\displaystyle f'(x)=6x+1\)  ; \(\displaystyle f'(2)=13=n\)

We then have that the slope of the normal line, m is

\(\displaystyle m=-\frac{1}{13}\)

Utilizing the Point-Slope Formula y-y1=m(x-x1), we have that

\(\displaystyle y-20=-\frac{1}{13}(x-2)\)

Converting to Slope-Intercept form, we get that the slope of the normal line is

\(\displaystyle y=-\frac{1}{13}x+\frac{2}{13}+20=-\frac{1}{13}x+\frac{2}{13}+\frac{260}{13}\)

\(\displaystyle =y=-\frac{1}{13}x+\frac{262}{13}\)

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