GMAT Math : Properties of Integers

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #221 : Arithmetic

What is the least common multiple of \(\displaystyle 120\) and \(\displaystyle 268\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 4020\)

\(\displaystyle 8040\)

\(\displaystyle 5163\)

\(\displaystyle 2010\)

\(\displaystyle 16080\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 8040\)

Explanation:

Let's start by writing the prime factorization of these two numbers: 

\(\displaystyle 120=2^{3}\cdot3\cdot5\) and \(\displaystyle 268=2^{2}\cdot67\).

Then we just have to multiply each factor raised to its highet power for common factors, as follows:

\(\displaystyle 2^{3}\cdot3\cdot5\cdot67\) or \(\displaystyle 8040\).

Example Question #1773 : Problem Solving Questions

You know that \(\displaystyle a\cdot b=96\) and that the greatest common divisor of \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\) is \(\displaystyle 4\). What is the least common multiple of \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 8\)

\(\displaystyle 48\)

\(\displaystyle 16\)

\(\displaystyle 24\)

\(\displaystyle 32\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 24\)

Explanation:

For any positive integer \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\), \(\displaystyle LCM\) being their least common multiple and \(\displaystyle GCF\) being their greatest common factor, then \(\displaystyle a\cdot b=LCM\cdot GCF\).

Therefore,

 \(\displaystyle LCM=\frac{96}{4}\) or \(\displaystyle 24\).

Example Question #61 : Understanding The Properties Of Integers

\(\displaystyle a\cdot b= 338\) and the greatest common divisor of \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\) is \(\displaystyle 13\), what is the least common multiple of \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 26\)

\(\displaystyle 36\)

\(\displaystyle 6.5\)

\(\displaystyle 48\)

\(\displaystyle 13\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 26\)

Explanation:

We can use the property that for \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\), whose greatest common factor is \(\displaystyle GCF\) and whose least common multiple is \(\displaystyle LCM\), then \(\displaystyle a\cdot b= LCM\cdot GCF\).

Therefore,

 \(\displaystyle LCM=\frac{338}{13}\) or \(\displaystyle 26\).

Example Question #221 : Arithmetic

\(\displaystyle a\cdot b = 5832\) , and the least common multiple of \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\) is \(\displaystyle 648\), what is their greatest common factor?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 12\)

\(\displaystyle 3\)

\(\displaystyle 6\)

\(\displaystyle 9\)

\(\displaystyle 18\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 9\)

Explanation:

Using the property

 \(\displaystyle a\cdot b= LCM(a,b)\cdot GCF(a,b)\) then, \(\displaystyle GCD(a,b)= \frac{5832}{648}= 9\).

Notice that the GCD or greatest common divisor is the same thing as the GCF, or greatest common factor.

Example Question #1781 : Gmat Quantitative Reasoning

\(\displaystyle m\) is a positive integer, which has an odd number of distinct factors, what is \(\displaystyle m\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 7\)

\(\displaystyle 20\)

\(\displaystyle 16\)

\(\displaystyle 15\)

\(\displaystyle 8\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 16\)

Explanation:

Another property of perfect squares, is that they will always have an odd number of distinct factors.

For example, \(\displaystyle 16\) has the following factors, \(\displaystyle 1, 2, 4, 8, 16\).

There are \(\displaystyle 5\) distinct factors, which is an odd number.

The only perfect square in the answer choices is \(\displaystyle 16\) , therefore, it is the final answer.

Example Question #1781 : Gmat Quantitative Reasoning

How many \(\displaystyle 0\)'s are there at the end of \(\displaystyle 30!\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 6\)

\(\displaystyle 4\)

\(\displaystyle 5\)

\(\displaystyle 7\)

\(\displaystyle 8\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 7\)

Explanation:

Firstly, we must remember that the number of zeros at the end will be given by the number of powers of ten that we have in the factorial of 30. Ten is the product of 2 and 5, and since there will be more powers of two in the product than powers of 5, the final answer is given by the number of powers of 5 in the product. (This is because a two will then multiply each of the fives, which would give us 10 raised to the power of however many five we have.) We can write them out : \(\displaystyle 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30\). Now we would be tempted to answer 6, since there are 6 multiples of 5, but in fact there are 7 fives since 25 is the product of two fives. 

Therefore, the final answer is \(\displaystyle 7\).

Example Question #1781 : Problem Solving Questions

How many \(\displaystyle 0\)'s are there at the end of \(\displaystyle 50!\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 10\)

\(\displaystyle 11\)

\(\displaystyle 9\)

\(\displaystyle 12\)

\(\displaystyle 4\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 12\)

Explanation:

We must remember that the number of zeros at the end of \(\displaystyle 50!\) will be given by the number of powers of ten that we have in the factorial of 50. Ten is the product of 2 and 5, and since there will be more powers of two in the product than powers of 5, the final answer is given by the number of powers of 5 in the product. (This is because a two will then multiply each of the fives, which would give us 10 raised to the power of however many fives we have.)

We should write out all the multiples of 5 in the product as follows: 

\(\displaystyle 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50\). There are 10 multiples of 5, but in reality, since 25 and 50 both have \(\displaystyle 5^{2}\) in their prime factorization, there are 12 fives in the product; therefore, there will be \(\displaystyle 12\) zeros at the end of \(\displaystyle 50!\), since 12 even numbers will then multiply our 12 fives, which would give us 10 raised to the power of 12.

Example Question #1781 : Gmat Quantitative Reasoning

By which number can \(\displaystyle (n-1)(n-2)\) be divided, where \(\displaystyle n\) is a positive integer?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 6\)

\(\displaystyle 4\)

\(\displaystyle 5\)

\(\displaystyle 2\)

\(\displaystyle 3\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 2\)

Explanation:

Here, the tricky part is that we might get confused by small values for \(\displaystyle n\) for which our product will be zero, namely for \(\displaystyle n=1\) and \(\displaystyle n=2\). Remember that \(\displaystyle n\) can't be zero since zero is not a positive number. But actually, zero can be divided by any number. Therefore, we must take a look at greater values for \(\displaystyle n\). Since the product is the product of two consecutive integers, the result will always be even; in other words it will be divisible by \(\displaystyle 2\). Therefore, the final answer is \(\displaystyle 2\).

Example Question #61 : Properties Of Integers

Which of the following can divide \(\displaystyle (n)(n+1)(n+2)\) , where \(\displaystyle n\) is a positive integer?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 4\)

\(\displaystyle 8\)

\(\displaystyle 10\)

\(\displaystyle 9\)

\(\displaystyle 6\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 6\)

Explanation:

We don't know \(\displaystyle n\), but we can see that it is the product of three consecutive integers; therefore, the product will either include two odd numbers and one even number or two even numbers and one odd number. This product can be divided by 3 and 2 or 6, since from three consecutive integers, at least one will be 3. Therefore, \(\displaystyle 6\) is the final answer.

Example Question #1781 : Problem Solving Questions

\(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\) are distinct positive integers. \(\displaystyle a+b\) is an even quantity. Which of the following must be even?

(You may assume all of these are positive quantities.)

(a) \(\displaystyle (a-1)(b+1)\)

(b) \(\displaystyle (ab-1)(ab+1)\)

(c) \(\displaystyle (a^{2}-1)(b^{2}+1)\)

Possible Answers:

(a), (b), and (c)

(c) only

(b) only

(a) only

None

Correct answer:

None

Explanation:

If \(\displaystyle a+b\) is even, then either both \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\) are even or both are odd. 

If both \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\) are even, then: 

(a) \(\displaystyle a-1\) and \(\displaystyle b+ 1\) are odd, and their product \(\displaystyle (a-1)(b+1)\) is odd.

(b) \(\displaystyle ab\) is even, both \(\displaystyle ab-1\) and \(\displaystyle ab+1\) are odd, and their product \(\displaystyle (ab-1)(ab+1)\) is odd.

(c) \(\displaystyle a^{2}\) and \(\displaystyle b^{2}\) are even, \(\displaystyle a^{2}-1\) and \(\displaystyle b^{2}+ 1\) are odd, and their product \(\displaystyle (a^{2}-1)(b^{2}+1)\) is odd.

If both \(\displaystyle a\) and \(\displaystyle b\) are odd, then: 

(a) \(\displaystyle a-1\) and \(\displaystyle b+ 1\) are even, and their product \(\displaystyle (a-1)(b+1)\) is even.

(b) \(\displaystyle ab\) is odd, both \(\displaystyle ab-1\) and \(\displaystyle ab+1\) are even, and their product \(\displaystyle (ab-1)(ab+1)\) is even.

(c) \(\displaystyle a^{2}\) and \(\displaystyle b^{2}\) are odd, \(\displaystyle a^{2}-1\) and \(\displaystyle b^{2}+ 1\) are even, and their product \(\displaystyle (a^{2}-1)(b^{2}+1)\) is even.

Therefore, all three expressions may be even or odd, and the correct response is none.

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