A sheathe is the covering into which a sword is placed. You have likely seen this in movies that depict knights and warriors. The sheathe is often on the belt of the warrior, and he will place the sword into the sheathe after having used the blade. The analogy could be read, “Just a sheathe is used to cover a sword, so is a veil used to cover a X.” A veil is the covering that is used by women to hide their faces, often for events like weddings. A veil also can be just any type of cloth used to hide something from sight; however, among the options provided, only face stands in relation to veil like sword does to sheathe.

Grain is stored in a silo, so this analogy needs a word that describes a place in which wealth is stored. Abstractly speaking, there are many options for this, for people “store” wealth in stocks, gold, paintings, and many other things. Luckily, none of the answers are tempting in this way, for the others are variously related to wealth but not as places for storage. Only the humble word “bank” fits that usage.

A "trinket" is a small item of little value. The word can describe either jewelry of this type or small items that might be set out as a humble ornament (like a small porcelain statue or something of that sort). Such trinkets can be placed on a shelf, and this makes the most sense among the possible sense of this analogy, given the potential answers. We can say that just as a trinket is placed on a shelf, so too can a tool be placed in a belt. (There are tool belts used by people working with tools.)

A "ship" is docked in a "port," while a "car" is parked in a "garage."

The words “occident” and “orient” describe the West and the East respectively. The word “occident” comes from the Latin for “setting” in the sense of the sun’s evening “setting.”  Since the sun sets—goes down—in the West, the West became called the “occident”—the land of the setting sun. The east, on the other hand, is the land of the rising sun. The Latin from which “orient” comes means “to rise.” The Christmas song, “We Three Kings” speaks of them as being from the “Orient.” The implication is that the kings came “from the east.” As something Italian is “western” (occidental) so is something Chinese “oriental.” 

A season is a subdivision of the year, so the bridge sentence for this analogy could be written, “As a season is a subdivision of the year, so is the week a subdivision of X.” Although a week can be said to subdivide a year, it more closely subdivides a month. In any event, this is the only option provided, so it is the acceptable answer for this question.

At least in theory, monasteries are supposed to be places of silence. This analogy is very specific, but a bridge sentence could be written, “As the sound in a monastery is in a state of silence, so is it in a state of X in a metropolis.” A metropolis is the most important city in a region, hence one that is very busy and developed. Such an area would be known for its racket—loud sounds—among other things. Even if you read “silence” as a general characteristic for monasteries, none of the other options provide a general characteristic word for metropolis, so “racket” would be the only acceptable option.

"Hungary" is a country on the continent of "Europe," just as "Thailand" is a country in "Asia."

"Metropolitan" is often used to describe "cities," just as "pastoral" can be used to describe "farmland."

"Chicago" is a large city in the state of "Illinois", much like "Houston" is a city in "Texas."