Human Anatomy and Physiology : Muscles

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology

varsity tutors app store varsity tutors android store

Example Questions

Example Question #152 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following muscles does not insert into the greater trochanter?

Possible Answers:

Gluteus minimus

Iliopsoas

All of these insert on the greater trochanter

Gluteus medius

Piriformis

Correct answer:

Iliopsoas

Explanation:

The psaos major and the iliacus muscles are distinct in the abdomen and unite at the level of the inguinal ligament to form the iliopsoas muscle in the thigh. The iliopsoas muscle crosses the hip joint and inserts on to the lesser trochanter of the femur. The iliopsoas is involved in flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh. It is the strongest of the hip flexors, and is important in standing, walking, and running.

The gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and piriformis insert onto the greater trochanter. 

Example Question #153 : Gross Anatomy

Which of the following does not cross (have leverage about) the ankle joint?

Possible Answers:

Tibialis posterior

Soleus

Flexor digitorum brevis

Extensor digitorum longus

All of these cross the ankle joint

Correct answer:

Flexor digitorum brevis

Explanation:

The flexor digitorum brevis lies in the middle of the sole of the foot above the plantar aponeurosis. It arises from a tendon from the medial process of the calcaneus, it continues towards the toes and divides into four tendons, one for each of the four lesser toes. It is innervated by the medial plantar nerve. The tibialis posterior, extensor digitorum longus, and soleus all cross the ankle joint thus having leverage above it. 

Example Question #101 : Muscles

The biceps femoris inserts on the __________.

Possible Answers:

lateral surface of the fibular head

patella

lateral condyle of the femur

posterior surface of tibia

femur

Correct answer:

lateral surface of the fibular head

Explanation:

The biceps femoris inserts on the lateral surface of the fibular head. The other muscles of the hamstring insert of the medial surface of the tibia.

Example Question #102 : Muscles

Which of the following muscles is not innervated by the obturator nerve?

Possible Answers:

Adductor minimus

Adductor brevis

Adductor longus

Gracilis

Flexor hallucis longus

Correct answer:

Flexor hallucis longus

Explanation:

The only muscle listed that is not innervated by the obturator nerve is flexor hallucis longus, as this is innervated by the tibial nerve, as well as the S2 and S3 nerve roots. Flexor hallucis longus runs from the fibula distally to the plantar surface of the foot, and functions to flex the joints of the big toe and plantar flex the ankle joint. 

The other muscles listed (adductor brevis, adductor minimus, adductor longus, and gracilis) are thigh muscles that are all innervated by the obturator nerve, and they collectively function to adduct the hip.

Example Question #41 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities

Which of the following muscles does NOT have leverage about the knee?

Possible Answers:

Semimembranosus

Biceps femoris short head

Semitendinosus

Biceps femoris long head

Adductor magnus

Correct answer:

Adductor magnus

Explanation:

Adductor magnus is a large muscle, consisting of two parts, located at the medial side of the thigh. One portion of the muscle originates at the ischiopubic ramus (called the pubofemoral portion) while the other portion originates from the ichial tuberosity (called the ischiocondylar portion). The adductor magnus inserts onto the linea aspera above the knee. The biceps femoris (long and short heads), semitendinosus, and semimembranosus all insert below the knee thus having leverage about the knee.

Example Question #103 : Muscles

Which muscle group produces knee flexion?

Possible Answers:

All of these are correct

Posterior muscle group

Quadriceps muscle group

Hamstring muscle group

Biceps muscle group

Correct answer:

Hamstring muscle group

Explanation:

The hamstring muscle group is responsible for knee flexion. The quadriceps muscle group is responsible for knee extension. The posterior muscle group is not an anatomical muscle group. The biceps muscle group is located in the upper arm, and produces elbow flexion.

Example Question #104 : Muscles

Which muscle is not part of the hamstring muscle group?

Possible Answers:

These are all part of the hamstring muscle group

Semitendinosus

Rectus femoris

Biceps femoris

Semimembranosus

Correct answer:

Rectus femoris

Explanation:

The rectus femoris belongs to the quadriceps muscle group. The hamstring muscle group consists of: biceps femoris, which is located most lateral, and semimembranosus, and semitendinosus which is located most medially.

Example Question #51 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities

Which quadriceps muscle is most medial and distal in anatomical position?

Possible Answers:

Vastus intermedialis

Vastus lateralis

Vastus medialis

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

Correct answer:

Vastus medialis

Explanation:

Vastus medialis is most medial (medialis) as well as most distal. Rectus femoris is located most medially to the leg, but not the body, which is what is used as reference when looking at anatomical position. Vastus lateralis (lateral) and Vastus medialis (medial) are also not correct as they do not fit the description of both medical and distal. Finally the sartorius is not part of the quadriceps muscle group. 

Example Question #52 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities

Where does the soleus muscle insert?

Possible Answers:

Tibial tuberosity

Medial and plantar surfaces of the 1st cuniform in the foot

Navicular tuberosity

To the calcaneus via the achilles tendon

None of these

Correct answer:

To the calcaneus via the achilles tendon

Explanation:

The soleus is one part of the calf muscle, and is deep to the gastrocnemius. This muscle inserts via the achilles tendon to the calcaneus and allows for plantarflexion of the foot. 

The tibial tuberosity is located at the proximal anterior portion of the tibia, and the navicular tuberosity and 1st cuniform are located in the midfoot and are insertion points for medial and lateral muscles of the foot and lower leg.

Example Question #53 : Identifying Muscles Of The Lower Extremities

A patient has ruptured hit achilles tendon. What motion will this patient not be able to perform?

Possible Answers:

Eversion

Dosiflexion

Inversion

Abduction

Plantarflexion

Correct answer:

Plantarflexion

Explanation:

The muscles that insert to the achilles tendon allow for plantarflexion of the foot, which is created due to shortening of the posterior muscles of the lower leg. Dorsiflexion is created through the anterior muscles of the lower leg. Eversion is created through the lateral muscles, and inversion is created with the medial muscles. Abduction is the motion of moving a body part away from the midline. 

Learning Tools by Varsity Tutors