Human Anatomy and Physiology : Human Anatomy and Physiology
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Muscle Physiology
Cardiac and skeletal muscle have some similarities, but some important differences too. Which of these features are found in cardiac muscle, but not skeletal muscle?
Striated muscle fibers
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Myosin and actin filaments
Transverse tubules
Intercalated discs
Intercalated discs
Intercalated discs are found only in cardiac muscle; they add structural stability to cardiac muscle, and help the propagation of action potentials due to gap junctions. The other features listed are features common to both skeletal and cardiac muscle.
Example Question #1 : Muscle Physiology
Type I muscle fibers __________.
are slow-twitch with white fibers
None of these
are fast-twitch with white fibers
are slow-twitch with red fibers
are fast-twitch with red fibers
are slow-twitch with red fibers
Type I muscle (slow oxidative) consists of slow-twitch muscle fibers. Its fibers are red due to high concentrations of myoglobin, and it has a high density of mitochondria (and thus increased oxidative phosphorylation). This leads to a sustained contraction, and resistance to fatigue. Think "one slow red ox."
Example Question #5 : Help With General Muscle Structures
Which of the following is correct in regards to individual skeletal muscle fibers?
The are multinucleate
They are mononucleate
They contain thick filaments only
They do not repeat
The are multinucleate
Individual skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleate and behave as single units. They contain bundles of myofibrils which are surrounded by a sarcoplasmic reticulum and is invaginated by transverse tubules. Each myofibril contains interdigitating thick and thin filaments arranged longitudinally in sarcomeres. Repeating units of sarcomeres account for the unique banding pattern in striated muscle.
Example Question #6 : Help With General Muscle Structures
The vastus medialis is supplied by __________.
the femoral artery
the popliteal artery
the posterior tibial artery
the dorsalis pedis artery
the anterior tibial artery
the femoral artery
The vastus medialis, one of the quadricep muscles is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh and is supplied by the femoral artery.
Example Question #1061 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
__________, __________, and __________ are examples of pennate muscles, because __________.
Vastus medialis . . . rectus femoris . . . deltoid . . . they are made of fibers that insert obliquely into their tendons
Vastus medialis . . . rectus femoris . . . deltoid . . . their proximal attachment is wider than their point of insertion
Sternocleidomastoid . . . sartorius . . . biceps brachii . . . their proximal attachment is wider than their point of insertion
Sternocleidomastoid . . . sartorius . . . biceps brachii . . . they are spindle-shaped, with a muscle belly that is wider than the origin and insertion
Sternocleidomastoid . . . sartorius . . . biceps brachii . . . they are made of fibers that insert obliquely into their tendons
Vastus medialis . . . rectus femoris . . . deltoid . . . they are made of fibers that insert obliquely into their tendons
The term pennate describes muscles whose fibers insert obliquely into the tendon. The vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and deltoid are all examples of this type of muscle.
Example Question #301 : Systems Physiology
Which of the following statements is false?
The fibularis longus has a tendon that makes an abrupt turn of approximately 90 degrees.
The fibularis longus becomes tendon halfway down the leg.
The fibularis longus is supplied by the popliteal artery.
The fibularis longus and fibularis brevis should be strengthened in people who have had inversion sprains of the ankle joint.
The fibularis longus is anterior to the soleus.
The fibularis longus is supplied by the popliteal artery.
The fibularis longus is supplied by the fibular artery, a branch of the posterior tibial artery. All other statements are true.
Example Question #5 : Musculoskeletal Physiology
Which of the following muscles attaches from the proximal anterior fibula to the dorsal surface of toes 2 through 5?
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Extensor digitorum brevis
Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
The extensor digitorum longus attaches from the proximal anterior fibula to the dorsal surface of toes 2 through 5.
Example Question #11 : Musculoskeletal Physiology
Which of the following are characteristics of only skeletal muscle?
Troponin-tropomyosin complex regulates contraction
Multinucleated
Striated
Calcium required for contraction
Multinucleated
Characteristics of smooth muscle include: striated, somatic innervation, multinucleated, and requiring calcium for contraction. Furthermore, similar characteristics are seen in cardiac muscle such as: striations, autonomic innervation, 1-2 nuclei, requires calcium for contraction. Finally, smooth muscle is nonstriated, has autonomic innervation, mononucleated, and requiring calcium for contraction.
Example Question #11 : Musculoskeletal Physiology
To which of the following molecules does calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind?
Troponin
Tropomyosin
Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the the sarcoplasm. It binds the troponin molecules on the thin filaments, causing the strands of tropomyosin to shift, exposing the myosin-binding sites on the thin filaments.
Example Question #1061 : Human Anatomy And Physiology
Where is calcium stored in the skeletal muscle cell?
Calcium is stored extracellularly, and only allowed into the skeletal muscle cell after neuronal signals.
Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, awaiting a signal for release into the cytoplasm.
Calcium is stored in the cytoplasm, awaiting a signal for release into the cytoplasm.
None of the answers are correct.
Calcium is not particularly stored in any location in the skeletal muscle cell, and is equally distributed.
Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, awaiting a signal for release into the cytoplasm.
Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum at high concentrations. When neurons signal the contraction of muscle, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and facilitates the contraction of muscle fibers and ATP hydrolysis, to generate muscle contraction force.
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