When someone is in "distress," he or she is in danger. For instance, there is the classic phrase about a "damsel in distress," meaning there is a lady in danger in some way. "Distress" can describe being in great pain or sorrow. It can also be used for those kinds of situations that cause pain and sorrow. Such situations are dangerous. Thus, just as in the expression used above, to be "in distress" means to be in danger. Hence, danger is the best option for this question at least.

The adjective "arrogant" is used to describe someone who is very "full of himself or herself." That is, such a person has a very big opinion of himself or herself, thinking that he or she is the best person (at least in some set of traits or activities). The word "arrogance" is used to describe the character trait of "being arrogant." For example, we could say, "Peter's arrogance prevented him from seeing that he was actually making a fool of himself." This means that Peter had such a high opinion of himself that he couldn't even see that he was behaving foolishly. Arrogance is a lot like pride, which is the best option among those provided here.

A "trait" is some characteristic or property of a given person or thing. For instance, we speak of "character traits" to describe someone's personality. We can also say that an inanimate object has certain traits. For example, a couch could have the trait of being very soft. These kinds of properties are also "features" of the given thing. Think of a microwave that has certain "features" such as special timers and the ability to cook at various degrees of intensity. Though we usually use "trait" to describe people, we could also call these features "traits" of the microwave.

A "treaty" is a kind of agreement reached between two groups. Often, treaties are spoken of being made between two countries. For example, at the end of Revolutionary War in the US, the Treaty of Paris was the name of the agreement (signed in Paris) that ended the war. The best option given for this question is "agreement."

The word "manufactor" comes from Latin words that mean to make with your hands. The "manu-" part is related to "manual". A small book is called a "manual" because you can hold it easily in your hands. We tend to think of "manufacturing" as a big deal. There are "manufacturing plants" that produce all sorts of large items; however, the main meaning of "manufacture" is "to produce or make." Thus, "produce" is the best option.

The word "substitute" can be used as a noun, a verb, or an adjective. In general, it means to replace. As a noun, it means a replacement. When you have a "substitute teacher," this means that the person is standing in for another teacher, replacing him or her.

The word "sympathy" comes from Greek roots that literally mean to suffer with.... Thus, when you "have sympathy" for someone, you try to share in his or her feelings. For example, you could say, "The old man had sympathy for his neighbor whose wife recently died. His own wife had died recently, and he understood his neighbor's pain." This kind of "suffering with someone else" is a kind of concern or care.

A "procedure" is a process for accomplishing some task. It applies to any set of steps that we take to do something. Thus, there can be a procedure for building a desk but also a procedure for filling out a form. The best option is the simple word "process". Although we can explain what a procedure is, the procedure itself is not the explanation.  It is the activity of making or doing the thing.

When something is an exception, it stands out from the regular manner of things.  Some times, we speak of "exceptional circumstances."  Thus, when someone has has lost his job, that person's mood might be very bad.  However, we tend to forgive this, for we know that he is "not his regular self."  He is experiencing exceptional circumstances.  Thus, something that is exceptional is "not regular."  Clearly, the best option that matches this is "irregularity."  An "irregularity" is something that is irregular.

When we "critique" something, we give an honest evaluation of it. Often, we think of criticism as being harsh. When someone gives a criticism of our work, it can feel like they are being nasty. There is, however, such a thing as constructive criticism. This kind of criticism involves evaluating something and suggesting ways that it could be improved. This kind of criticism does not have to be nasty. Thus, "evaluation" is an acceptable synonym for "criticism."