"Onerous" and "arduous" both mean difficult or backbreaking. "Facile" means simple or easy. "Trivial" means unimportant or superficial. "Obsequious" means groveling or submissive. "Obdurate" means stubborn or adamant. 

The word “adverse” comes from the Latin meaning to turn toward or, more directly, to the Latin for to be against. The word “adverse” most often is used to describe conditions that are disadvantageous to some undertaking. For instance, a very standard usage is “adverse weather conditions,” meaning weather conditions that are not favorable to activities—either in specific or in general. It can also mean harmful, thus being used in a sentence like, “The adverse effects of the drug were known to cause cancer and heart damage within two years of beginning treatment.” The word “adversary,” meaning opponent, is clearly related to this word.

To hold something in esteem is not merely to enjoy it or relish it. It is to give it high respect. The word “admired” best fits for this reason. “Admire” actually comes from Latin roots related to wondering at something. Something that is “miraculous” is wonderful or wondrous. The “admirable” is likewise quite wonderful.

The word “indigent” means “poor” or “needy.” Among the options, the only option that means this is clearly “impoverished. One might see this word used in a sentence like, “The long period of economic recession greatly increased the indigent population of the country, requiring many more to turn to charity in order to have enough to live.” Note that the word is not the same as “indigenous,” which means “native to a given locale.”

For this word, the answer is perhaps less known that the word itself. Clearly, the word “impoverished” contains a relative of the word “poverty.” The word “destitute” most properly means “lacking the means even to provide for basic needs.” It can likewise mean, more generally, “lacking,” particularly when used in conjunction with the preposition “of” as in “the students were destitute of any intellectual interest.”

When someone is “prosperous,” that person is said to “do well” for himself or himself. That is, he or she is accomplishing the tasks and goals that he or she has set. Often, such prosperity is indicated by an increase in material wealth. This is the sense in which the word is most often used, as in, “The banker was the most prosperous man in town, owning fifteen cars and two large houses.” In a more general sense, it can mean “flourishing,” which is related to “flowering,” here meaning “coming to full development” (like a plant coming to flower).

The word “avowed” actually is related to the word “advocate,” which means, “someone called as a witness.” The word is usually used in the context of noun, for instance “an avowed atheist,” or, “an avowed chocolate addict.” In such uses, the word means, “publically admitted.” For instance, to say, “I am an avowed chocolate addict,” is akin to saying, “I have publically admitted that I am an addict to chocolate and hide the fact from nobody.”

Often, the word “tentative” is used to describe a situation when someone is uncertain whether or not an event will take place. For example, one could say, “I will tentatively schedule our meeting for 2:00 PM. Call me to let me know if this will work.” Likewise, the word can be used to describe an action that is done hesitantly—perhaps because someone lacks confidence that the action is possible.

A “farce” is a type of comedy in which chance events and foolishness play a significant part in the nature of the comedy presented. Often, the word is used as a noun to describe an event that is just as foolish as a play that is a farce. The word “ridiculous” comes from the Latin for “to laugh.” It means “laughable,” which relates well to the notion of being “farcical.”

Although we often might think of an “opulent lifestyle” as being “high class” or something of the like, strictly speaking, something that is opulent is wealthy or lavish in a showy manner. For instance, one could say, “The opulence of the theatre was amazing. With its gilded ceiling, crystal chandeliers, and silk curtains, it struck the viewer as being the very apogee of material splendor.”