The word "dynamic" comes from the Greek word for power. Think of dynamite, which creates a very powerful explosion. Now, the primary meaning of "dynamic" in English is energetic or having much energy or vitality. Thus, the word "vigorous" is the best option among those provided, for it means having much energy. While we might think of dynamic people as being "successful," "effective," and perhaps even "stupendous," these are not the immediate meanings of "dynamic."

There are two relevant roots in "hypothermic." The Greek prefix hypo- means under, having too little of and the root -therm- means related to temperature. So, "hypothermic" means (of the body) very cold, freezing. Additionally, "arid" means dry; "moist" means wet; "infected" means sick with; "stifling" means uncomfortably hot.

The Greek root -lex- means word, read, write, as in "lexicon," which means vocabulary. So, "alexia" means the loss of the ability to write. This is closest in meaning to "illiteracy," which means the inability to read and write. Additionally, "infamy" and "notoriety" both mean the quality of being famous for the wrong reasons; "polygamy" is the practice of having more than one spouse or partner; "capacity" means ability.

A "mendicant" is a vagabond or a beggar. An "iconoclast" is someone who goes against established traditions or beliefs. A "harbinger" is an omen or portent. A "contaminant" is an impurity or pollutant. A "proclivity" is a tendency or a habit.

"Stevedore" and "dockworker" are both synonyms. "Drivel" means foolish talk or babble. "Virtuoso" means a person who is an expert. "Dotard" means a fogy or dull person. "Instigator" means troublemaker or agitator. 

"Ward" is a noun that can mean "a separate room in a hospital, typically one allocated to a particular type of patient," "an administrative division of a city or borough that typically elects and is represented by a councilor or councilors," or "a person, usually a minor, under the care and control of a guardian appointed by their parents or a court." So, we need to pick out an answer choice that means something like "a separate room in a hospital," "an administrative division of a city," or "a person under the care of a guardian." "Protector," then, cannot be the correct answer, because "protector" means the opposite of the third definition of "ward." "Dependent," however, when used as a noun, means "a person who relies on another, especially a family member, for financial support," and because "dependent" is the answer choice closest in meaning to "ward," "dependent" is the correct answer.

"Coterie" means clique or small group of friends, so "clique" is the correct answer. None of the other answer choices is close in meaning to "coterie": "extraction" means the act of removing something or the act of taking something out of something else; an "omnivore" is an organism that consumes meat and vegetables; "insurgency" is an organized rebellion, usually against an established government; and "malfunction" means not function properly or break down.

Do not confuse the word “rabble” with “ramble.” The latter means either “to wander” or “to speak in a confused, unending manner.” A “rabble” is a disorganized mob, sometimes implying that such people are the “low class rabble.” The best option among those provided would be “mob.”

"Savant" and "intellectual" both mean an academic or highly intelligent person. "Amateur" means beginner or learner. "Misogynist" means someone who hates women. "Iconoclast" is someone who breaks from established norms or traditions. "Enigma" is a puzzle or riddle.

The word “adversary” literally comes from the roots “to turn toward.” The word “reverse” has a similar root in it, here meaning to turn back. (The “re-” prefix indicates the “back” portion of the meaning.) Someone’s adversary is not necessarily a fighter in the literal sense, though that person is “turned toward” another person or, in another way, turned against that person. While two people in a duel are adversaries, it is likewise the case that two disputing scholars could be called the same.