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Example Questions
Example Question #11 : Oxidation Reduction
In which of the following compounds does hydrogen have an oxidation number of ?
Hydrogen generally has an oxidation number of in most compounds. The exception is when it is bonded to an alkali metal (group 1 of the periodic table). When hydrogen bonds to one of these elements, it can have an oxidation number of
. Alkali metals so readily lose their outermost electron that hydrogen must accept it, and thereby acquire a negative charge.
Potassium is an alkali metal, and will have an oxidation number of . Hydrogen will balance this by acquiring an oxidation number of
to keep the molecule neutral. Our answer is
.
Hydrogen maintains an oxidation number of in all other answer options.
Example Question #11 : Oxidation Number
What is the oxidation number for sulfur in ?
The oxidation state of oxygen is always , and the oxidation state of magnesium is
. We know that the oxidation numbers must cancel out to create a neutral molecule.
There are four oxygen atoms, so the total charge from oxygen is . If we add
from the magnesium atom and
from the oxygen atoms, we get
. To get the oxidation state of sulfur, we must add a number to
that totals to zero.
The only number that does this is .
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