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Flashcards: New SAT Writing and Language

Although vegetarianism is sometimes considered a recent phenomenon, the practice actually has roots in both ancient India and ancient Greece. In Greece, being vegetarian was a way to abstain from eating ‘beings with souls,’ and vegetarianism was primarily practiced by small religious sects or certain philosophical thinkers. Ancient Indian vegetarianism may have been more widespread, as it was mandatory for many Hindus, Jains, and Buddhists. Buddhist scholars argue whether Gautama Buddha ever ate meat. Obviously, vegetarianism is a constantly evolution practice that has changed considerably over the past several thousand years.

During the Middle Ages, vegetarianism remained largely outside the cultural milieu in Europe. Certain aseptic religious sects may have avoided eating meat, but the practice didn’t truly gain ground in Western Europe until the Age of Enlightenment. During and before that time, many people still argued that animals existed only for the benefit of humankind. They were opposed by other people who thought that that was an anthropocentric viewpoint.

Over time, vegetarianism gradually gained diction with influential thinkers and by the twentieth century, organizations such as the International Vegetarian Union, the North American Vegetarian Society, and the Animal Aid were appearing. What new form will vegetarianism take in the future?

In the context of the passage, what is the best definition for the underlined word “sects”?

Hierarchies

Subgroups

Nonbelievers

Stereotypes

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Flashcards: New SAT Writing and Language

In the context of the passage, what is the best definition for the underlined word “sects”?

Your answer:

Hierarchies

Your answer:

Nonbelievers

Your answer:

Stereotypes

Correct answer:

Subgroups

Explanation:

The word “sect” is used to refer to a smaller –and often more extreme– group within a religion or belief system. These sects are sometimes seen as heretical by members of the larger religious group, but not always.

Flashcards: New SAT Writing and Language

Since 1988, the mission of molecular gastronomy 1 shifted. Kurti and This originally sought to investigate “kitchen old wives’ tales,” invent new recipes, improve old ones, and make the case to the public that science was a useful part of everyday life. Even if their experiments weren’t intended to be replicated in home kitchens, they were intended to encourage home cooks to experiment. Today, molecular gastronomists seek to explore the social, artistic, and technical aspects of food preparation. Some have argued that this shift in focus, along with the fact that techniques in molecular gastronomy have so far surpassed what any home cook could do, means that molecular gastronomy has lost its ability to impact how the world cooks at home.

has shifted

NO CHANGE

has been shifted

had shifted

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Flashcards: New SAT Writing and Language

Your answer:

NO CHANGE

Your answer:

has been shifted

Your answer:

had shifted

Correct answer:

has shifted

Explanation:

Whenever you are asked to choose between different verb tenses, especially different forms of the past tense, you should look for signal words elsewhere in the passage that tells you which past tense form to use. In this case, you are given the word "since" at the beginning of the sentence, meaning that this process has been ongoing since 1988. Choices "shifted", "had shifted", and "has been shifted" all indicate that the shift has happened in the past and has ended. Only "has shifted" indicates that the change is still ongoing.

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