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Flashcards: Rhetoric: Sentences: Paragraphs

One of the most influential niche constructors is the earthworm, an organism found almost everywhere on the planet. A scientist only concerned with evolution would predict that, in order to live on land, earthworms would have to significantly change. Earthworms didn’t change their physiology a great amount, however; instead, they changed the soil to make it more like the ocean in order to survive. Land with earthworms is less compacted, is more nutrient rich, and is better mixed than land without them – 1 leading to monumental changes in the ecosystem.

Niche constructors are particularly important in colonizing new environments. One of the easiest ways to measure this effect on evolution has been in the effect that the number of earthworms has on soil fertility, a measure of how hospitable an environment is to plant growth. Even the least fertile soil has around 62 worms per square meter, and as the number of worms increases so does soil fertility. As worms move through the different layers of soil, they eat, digest, and excrete massive amounts of organic matter. They leave their excretions behind in the form of nutrient-rich droppings known as casings. As these casings decompose, they release nutrients into the soil. This process not only moves nutrients from one layer of the soil to another but also converts the nutrients to forms that plants can absorb and process more easily. Because it is easier for plants to get the proper nutrients, plants don’t have to invest time and energy into making better root systems to gather nutrients. As a result, plants have, over time, lost some of these mechanisms – a form of evolution.

Which of the following best supports the point developed in this paragraph?

NO CHANGE

all of which make the environment more suitable for plants.

all from a tiny organism not much larger than a human hand.

resulting in a moist environment in which the worms can thrive.

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Flashcards: Rhetoric: Sentences: Paragraphs

Which of the following best supports the point developed in this paragraph?

Your answer:

NO CHANGE

Your answer:

all of which make the environment more suitable for plants.

Your answer:

all from a tiny organism not much larger than a human hand.

Correct answer:

resulting in a moist environment in which the worms can thrive.

Explanation:

In order to conclude which choice best concludes the paragraph, you need to understand the overall context of the paragraph. The paragraph is all about how and why the worms change their environment in order to survive. The only choice that talks about why earthworms change the environment is "resulting in a moist environment in which the worms can thrive." As it is in the text is too vague since it's already been established that the worms change their environments. Choice "all of which make the environment more suitable for plants." is more in line with the next paragraph, which discusses the effect of earthworm engineering on plants. And choice "all from a tiny organism not much larger than a human hand.", while catchy, does not address anything that is discussed in the paragraph.

Flashcards: Rhetoric: Sentences: Paragraphs

The public’s perception of archaeologists has, for years, been colored by depictions of the profession in movie franchises like Indiana Jones, Tomb Raider, and The Mummy. However popular these movies are, they– like movies that depict any other profession – don’t necessarily reflect what archaeologists actually do. While fighting supernatural forces and foiling nefarious plans does make for a better movie, 1 archaeologists are interesting people.

box office numbers don’t always reflect this fact

NO CHANGE

movies don’t reflect what archaeologists actually do

the primary work of archaeology is in research and preservation

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Flashcards: Rhetoric: Sentences: Paragraphs

Your answer:

box office numbers don’t always reflect this fact

Your answer:

NO CHANGE

Your answer:

movies don’t reflect what archaeologists actually do

Correct answer:

the primary work of archaeology is in research and preservation

Explanation:

Whenever you are asked to complete a sentence without instruction as to what the test is looking for, you want to look for logic and for concision. The paragraph discusses the fact that movies don't necessarily reflect the job of real archaeologists. That implies that the contrast in this sentence should be between what archaeologists actually do and what they do in the movies. Since what they do in the movies is already addressed, the correct answer will reflect real- life archaeology. The only answer that does this is "the primary work of archaeology is in research and preservation", which gives an example of what archaeologists do. NO CHANGE and "box office numbers don’t always reflect this fact" don't address real-life archaeology and choice "movies don’t reflect what archaeologists actually do" is just a repetition of a phrase from earlier in the paragraph.

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Flashcards: Rhetoric: Sentences: Paragraphs

Flashcards: Rhetoric: Sentences: Paragraphs

Flashcards: Rhetoric: Sentences: Paragraphs

Flashcards: Rhetoric: Sentences: Paragraphs

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