SSAT Middle Level Math : How to subtract fractions

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SSAT Middle Level Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : How To Subtract Fractions

\(\displaystyle 7 \frac{1}{2}\) hours is how many more minutes than \(\displaystyle 3 \frac{3}{4}\) hours?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 225\)

\(\displaystyle 245\)

\(\displaystyle 200\)

\(\displaystyle 185\)

\(\displaystyle 255\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 225\)

Explanation:

This question requires you to subtract fractions as well as convert hours to minutes.  

Subtracting \(\displaystyle 3\frac{3}{4}\) hours \(\displaystyle \left ( \frac{15}{4} \right )\) from \(\displaystyle 7\frac{1}{2}\) hours \(\displaystyle \left ( \frac{15}{2}\ or\ \frac{30}{4} \right )\)

you get \(\displaystyle 3\frac{3}{4}\) hours \(\displaystyle \left ( \frac{15}{4} \right )\).  

3 hours is 180 minutes \(\displaystyle \left ( 3\cdot 60 \right )\)

and \(\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}\) of an hour is 45 minutes \(\displaystyle \left ( \frac{3}{4}\cdot 60 \right )\).

Thus the answer is

\(\displaystyle 180+45=225\ minutes\)

Example Question #1 : How To Subtract Fractions

Evaluate:

\(\displaystyle 9 - 5 \frac{3}{7}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 3 \frac{4}{7}\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{4}{7}\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{3}{7}\)

\(\displaystyle 3 \frac{3}{7}\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{2}{7}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3 \frac{4}{7}\)

Explanation:

"Borrow" 1 from the 9 to form \(\displaystyle 8 \frac{7}{7}\). You can then subtract integers and fractions vertically:

\(\displaystyle 8 \frac{7}{7}\)

\(\displaystyle \underline{5 \frac{3}{7}}\)

\(\displaystyle 3 \frac{4}{7}\)

Example Question #1 : How To Subtract Fractions

Evaluate:

\(\displaystyle 6 \frac{1}{5} - 4 \frac{1}{2}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2 \frac{3}{10}\)

\(\displaystyle 1 \frac{3}{5}\)

\(\displaystyle 1 \frac{9}{10}\)

\(\displaystyle 2 \frac{1}{10}\)

\(\displaystyle 1 \frac{7}{10}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 1 \frac{7}{10}\)

Explanation:

Rewrite as the difference of improper fractions:

\(\displaystyle 6 \frac{1}{5} - 4 \frac{1}{2} = \frac{6 \times 5 + 1}{5} - \frac{4 \times 2 + 1}{2} = \frac{31}{5} - \frac{9}{2}\)

Rewrite with a common denominator, then subtract numerators:

\(\displaystyle \frac{31}{5} - \frac{9}{2} = \frac{2 \times 31}{2 \times 5} - \frac{9\times 5}{2\times 5} = \frac{62}{10} - \frac{45}{10} = \frac{17}{10}\)

Rewrite as a mixed number:

\(\displaystyle 17 \div 10 = 1 \textrm{ R } 7\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{17}{10} = 1 \frac{7}{10}\)

Example Question #2 : How To Subtract Fractions

Evaluate:

\(\displaystyle 8 \frac{4}{5} - 4 \frac{1}{3}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{1}{2 }\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{7}{15 }\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{3}{5 }\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{1}{3 }\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{8}{15 }\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{7}{15 }\)

Explanation:

Rewrite as the difference of improper fractions:

\(\displaystyle 8 \frac{4}{5} - 4 \frac{1}{3} = \frac{8 \times 5 + 4}{5} - \frac{4 \times 3 + 1}{3} = \frac{44}{5} - \frac{13}{3}\)

Rewrite with a common denominator, then subtract numerators:

\(\displaystyle \frac{44}{5} - \frac{13}{3} = \frac{44\times 3}{5 \times 3} - \frac{5 \times13}{5 \times3} = \frac{132}{15 } - \frac{65}{15 } = \frac{67}{15 }\)

Rewrite as a mixed number:

\(\displaystyle 67\div 15 = 4 \textrm{ R } 7\)

so

\(\displaystyle \frac{67}{15 } = 4 \frac{7}{15 }\)

Example Question #3 : How To Subtract Fractions

Evaluate:

\(\displaystyle 5 - 1 \frac{4}{5}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 3 \frac{3}{5}\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{4}{5}\)

\(\displaystyle 3 \frac{4}{5}\)

\(\displaystyle 3 \frac{1}{5}\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{1}{5}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3 \frac{1}{5}\)

Explanation:

"Borrow" 1 from the 5 to form \(\displaystyle 4 \frac{5}{5}\). You can then subtract integers and fractions vertically:

\(\displaystyle 4 \frac{5}{5}\)

\(\displaystyle \underline{1 \frac{4}{5}}\)

\(\displaystyle 3 \frac{1}{5}\)

Example Question #4 : How To Subtract Fractions

Give the result in simplest form:

\(\displaystyle \frac{17}{40} - \frac{1}{40} + \frac{19}{40}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{37}{40}\)

\(\displaystyle -\frac{3}{40}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{7}{24}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{7}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{3}{40}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{7}{8}\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle \frac{17}{40} - \frac{1}{40} + \frac{19}{40}\)

\(\displaystyle =\frac{17-1+19}{40}\)

\(\displaystyle =\frac{16+19}{40}\)

\(\displaystyle =\frac{35}{40} = \frac{35\div 5}{40\div 5} = \frac{7}{8}\)

Example Question #5 : How To Subtract Fractions

Evaluate:

\(\displaystyle 7.89 - 1.73 + 2.5\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 5.91\)

\(\displaystyle 8.66\)

\(\displaystyle 7.12\)

\(\displaystyle 3.66\)

\(\displaystyle 6.41\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 8.66\)

Explanation:

By order of operations, subtractions and additions are carried out in left-to-right order, so subtract 1.73 from 7.89 first. This is best done vertically, aligning decimal points:

\(\displaystyle 7.89\)

\(\displaystyle \underline{1.73}\)

\(\displaystyle 6.16\)

Now add 2.50 to the difference (note that a zero has been added to the end), again aligning vertically by decimal point:

\(\displaystyle 6.16\)

\(\displaystyle \underline{2.50}\)

\(\displaystyle 8.66\)

Example Question #6 : How To Subtract Fractions

Evaluate:

\(\displaystyle 8-3.27\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 5.73\)

\(\displaystyle 4.73\)

\(\displaystyle 4.27\)

\(\displaystyle 3.73\)

\(\displaystyle 5.27\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 4.73\)

Explanation:

Subtract vertically by aligning the decimal points, making sure you append the 8 with a decimal point and two placeholder zeroes:

\(\displaystyle 8.00\)

\(\displaystyle \underline{3.27}\)

\(\displaystyle 4.73\)

Example Question #7 : How To Subtract Fractions

Subtract:

\(\displaystyle 19 - 0.006\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 18.9994\)

\(\displaystyle 18.0994\)

\(\displaystyle -0.0013\)

\(\displaystyle -0.00013\)

\(\displaystyle 18.994\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 18.994\)

Explanation:

Rewrite vertically, lining up the decimal digits. Subtract as you would two integers. (Note that you are appending zeroes to the 19.)

\(\displaystyle \begin{matrix} 19.000 \\ - \underline{0.006}\\ 18.994 \end{matrix}\)

Example Question #5 : How To Subtract Fractions

Subtract

\(\displaystyle 7\frac{1}{2}-3\frac{7}{8}\)

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 3\frac{3}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle 3\frac{5}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle 4\frac{3}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle 4\frac{5}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle 3\frac{7}{8}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3\frac{5}{8}\)

Explanation:

Rewrite the first fraction in eighths, as \(\displaystyle LCD (2,8) = 8\):

\(\displaystyle 7\frac{1}{2} = 7\frac{1 \times 4}{2 \times 4} = 7\frac{4}{8}\)

Write vertically:

   \(\displaystyle 7\frac{4}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle -\underline{3\frac{7}{8}}\)

Now "borrow" one from 7 and add it to the \(\displaystyle \frac{4}{8}\), then subtract integer and fractional parts separately:

  \(\displaystyle 6\frac{12}{8}\)

\(\displaystyle -\underline{3\frac{7}{8}}\)

   \(\displaystyle 3\frac{5}{8}\)

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