"Surly" means "rude or hostile," irritable. 

"Humorous" means being funny or comical.

"Jumpy" means nervous or subject to sudden, involuntary starts.

"Stubborn" means headstrong, or unreasonably set in purpose or opinion.

"Ignorant" means lacking in knowledge or training.

"Enigmatic" means "puzzling" or mysterious.

"Deceitful" means prone to lying or deceit.

"Mischievous" means maliciously or playfully annoying.

"Stupid" means lacking ordinary mental quickness.

"Untrustworthy" means not deserving or trust or confidence.

"Unscrupulous" means "without conscience" or unprincipled.

"Stern" means strict, harsh, or uncompromising.

"Cruel" means willfully or knowingly causing pain or distress to others.

"Malicious" means intentionally harmful or spiteful.

"Devout" means sincerely religious, earnest, pious.

"Courteous" means "polite," well mannered or respectful.

None of the other words are synonyms of courteous:

"Exuberant" means to be filled with excitement.

"Flirtatious" means to suggest playful attraction to someone.

"Princely" means splendid or related to a prince.

"Restrained" means unemotional, moderate and reserved.

"Fickle" means frequently changing loyalties, interests or allegiances.

"Sentimental" means predisposed to feeling tender, sad, or nostalgic. "Stoic" means experiencing pain or hardship without showing your feelings. "Musical" means related to music, or melodious. "Steadfast" in one's beliefs means committed to your beliefs.

"Zealous" is an adjective that refers to a person who is "very passionate" or is fanatical or extremely committed to some cause. 

"Ornery" means bad tempered, grouchy and headstrong. "Quirky" means peculiar or having unusual qualities. "Crazed" means insane or very excited. "Jealous" means being envious of someone because of his or her desirable traits or advantages. 

"Meek" is an adjective which means submissive, quiet or the quality of being easily imposed on.

"Garrulous" means excessively chatty. "Attractive" means sensorily pleasing. "Kind" means being benevolent or good. "Belligerent" means being hostile and malicious. 

"Tactful" means polite or diplomatic when dealing with other people.

"Generous" means ready to give more money or time than expected. "Reliable" means dependable or consistently good quality. "Cruel" means intentionally causing suffering and not feeling remorse. "Spirited" means energetic, enthusiastic and vivacious.

"Didactic" means overly instructive or prone to teaching and explaining. 

None of the other words are synonymous with didactic.

'Emboldened' means made brave or made bolder.

"Studious" is the trait of enjoying studying and being an intellectual. While studious is related to the concept of being didactic, they are not synonymous.

"Boring" means not interesting, or something that does not hold your attention.

"Dexterous" means agile or skillful with your hands.

Insolence refers to disobedience, and insolent is the corresponding adjective. It can also be described as showing disrespect. A "reverent" attitude would be roughly opposite to an "insolent" one.